Publication: A study on acute chemical poisoning among patients in emergency department Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang and its complications
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Date
2020
Authors
Hamzah, Nur Hafizah
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Abstract
Introduction Acute poisoning is one of the most common reasons of patient visits to the emergency department (ED). The sociodemographic and presentations vary from one region to another. This study purpose is to determine the sociodemographics, presentations and factors associated with complications in patients with acute chemical poisoning. Methodology This retrospective study involved all patients presented with acute chemical poisoning to the emergency department of a government hospital in Malaysia from January 2016 until December 2018. A total of 260 patients were included and their sociodemographic, clinical presentation, complications and outcomes were recorded. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with complications. Result From 260 patients, 168 (64.6%) patients had intentional poisoning while 92 (35.4%) patients accidentally exposed to different chemical substances. Majority were single (n=158,60.8%), male (n=152,58.5%), and Indian (n=149,57.3%). The most common agent involved was pesticide. Complication rate was 14.2% with mortality rate of 4.6%. Common complications included respiratory insufficiency (n=30,11.5%), altered consciousness (n=14, 5.4%) and renal failure (n=17, 6.5%). Factors significantly associated with complications were age (AOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09, p=0.005), other race (AOR 30.35, 95% CI 2.77 to 332.94, p=0.005), Chinese (AOR 12.27, 95% CI 1.03 to 146.63, p=0.048), tachycardia (AOR 39.7, 95% CI 11.31 to 139.27, p=0.004), time of exposure from 0800-1600 (AOR 22.15, 95% CI 1.95 to 252.04, p=0.013) and latency time from presentation of 2 to 12 hours (AOR 3.43, 95% CI 1.28 to 9.21, p=0.015) Conclusion Acute chemical poisoning is common among single, male patients with intentional circumstance. Apart from that, other factors associated with complications were age, tachycardia, Chinese ethnicity and other races, time of exposure and latency time from presentation to ED
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Keywords
Toxicology , acute chemical poisoning