Publication: Morphological improvements of hypertensive rats thoracic aorta & kidney with syzygium polyanthum
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Date
2016-05
Authors
Muhamad, Nor 'Atiqah
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Abstract
National Health and Morbidity Survey (2015) reported that the prevalence of
hypertension in Malaysia for 18 years old and above is higher as compared to our
neighboring countries and international standards. Among others, this can be attributed
to poor compliance to synthetic antihypertensive drugs due to their side-effects. Hence,
people nowadays are seeking the alternative herb-based treatment that is familiar to
them. Syzygium polyanthum or “serai kayu” is one of the herbs eaten raw by
Kelantanese. The leaves are traditionally used to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive
patient. Previous study has shown the S.polyanthum leaves extract significantly reduced
the blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The objective of this study is to determine the
effects of oral methanolic extract of S.polyanthum leaves (MESP) on histopathology of
spontaneous hypertensive rat’s (SHR) aorta and kidney. MESP was prepared by
sonication process. The period of the study was 4 weeks (sub-acute) where 1 5 male
SHR were equally divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (MESP 2000 mg/kg), Group 2
(Losartan 10 mg/kg), Group 3 as untreated SHR (negative control for hypertension).
Five male nonnotensive Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKY) served as a negative control (Group
4). All rats were euthanized at the end of the study. Rat’s thoracic aorta and kidney were
examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; also with scanning electron
microscope (SEM). In aorta of MESP-treated, the tunica adventitia and smooth muscle
layer (tunica media) of and Losartan-treated SHR’s aorta was near-normal condition.
Similar improvements in aorta were also noted on SEM. As for kidney, in MESPtreated
SHR and Losartan-treated showed well-preserved glomerulus and well
capsulated of Bowman’s capsule in both H&E and SEM. In conclusion, oral
administrations of Sygyzium polyanthum extract was able to improve the morphological changes in aorta and kidney that are associated with hypertensive changes suggesting
that a promising alternative treatment for hypertension.
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Keywords
Herbal medicine