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Subjective happiness and quality of life (QOL) in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

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dc.contributor.authorNoryatim, Nurul Hidayah
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-22T23:53:41Z
dc.date.available2026-06-22T23:53:41Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground: This study aims to determine the level of subjective happiness and quality of life (QOL) among caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 caregivers of children with ASD in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, from December 2019 to February 2020. Distributed self-administered questionnaires include socio-demographic survey, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) (Malay version), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the General Health Questionnaire-12 items (GHQ-12). The severity of ASD was determined by the researcher using Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Descriptive analysis was performed for the sociodemographic data, while simple and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors related to SHS and QOL. The correlation between SHS and QOL was determined using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The mean SHS score was 4.92±0.87. SHS was found to be associated with Chinese ethnicity of caregivers (b:-1.62, 95% CI:-2.63, -0.61), higher psychological distress of caregivers (b:-0.04, 95% CI:-0.06, -0.01), absence of children with intellectual disability (b:0.491, 95% CI:0.21, 0.77) and CARS score (b:-0.03, 95% CI:-0.04,-0.01). The mean score for total QOL was 94.56±10.42. The mean score for the environment, physical, psychological, and social domain was 68.9±12.42, 69.3±13.50, 70.5±12.61, and 70.7±16.45 respectively. There was a moderate correlation between all domains of QOL and SHS (r=0.35-0.49). Conclusion: SHS scores among caregivers of children with ASD was relatively lower than general population, while QOL scores were still within the global normative range. Therefore, targeted intervention and supportive milieu are needed for better QOL and subjective happiness of the caregivers.
dc.identifier.urihttps://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/24436
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectautism spectrum disorder
dc.subjectquality of life
dc.titleSubjective happiness and quality of life (QOL) in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
dc.typeResource Types::text::thesis::master thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Malaysia
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