Publication: Pharmacoeconomic Studies Of Breast Cancer Early Detection Programme In Malaysia
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Date
2025-09
Authors
Yeong, Siew Wei
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Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer continues to increase in malaysia, with 50.5% newly diagnosed at stages iii and iv. Various studies reported mixed outcomes of the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer early detection programmes among low- and middle-income countries. Our study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer early detection programmes (bcedp) through a markov model for a malaysian population. The markov model was constructed following the transition from lower to advanced stages with death as the end stage, in a lifetime horizon. We compared clinical breast examination (cbe), mammography (mmg), and a combination of cbe and mmg to no programme for women aged 40 and older. This model was used to forecast the three programmes' lifetime costs and health outcomes from the payer's and societal perspectives. The sample size was initially calculated to be 268 for both the cost data and health outcomes of utilities, with an adjustment calculated due to the addition of data collection sites. Cost data were obtained from breast cancer patient profiles in hospital kuala lumpur, and a patient survey was conducted to obtain the utility data from a few hospitals. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to address the uncertainty in parameters. A willingness-to-pay (wtp) threshold of one gross domestic product at rm51,830 (1 usd = rm4.4497, 2023) was used in this study. Quality adjusted life years (qaly) gained were calculated by the quality of life, with the length of life gained as the health benefit of an intervention when compared to no exposure to bcedp
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Pharmacoeconomic Studies Breast Cancer Early Detection