Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Integrating Artificial Intelligence For Personalized Cancer Pain Management: A Comprehensive Study On Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives, Development Of Pain Detection Method And User’s Acceptance
(2025-09)
Tashtoush, Noor Hasan Ibrahim
Cancer pain is a prevalent and distressing symptom that significantly impairs the quality of life in oncology patients. Traditional pain assessments rely heavily on subjective self-reporting, which may be limited by communication, or cognitive impairment. With the rise of wearable technologies, smartwatches offer a promising avenue for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of physiological signals associated with pain, enabling more objective assessment and real-time support. This research explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized cancer pain management across three phases. Phase I investigated healthcare professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) and barriers regarding cancer pain and AI tool adoption through semi-structured interviews with thirteen purposively selected doctors and nurses from Advanced Medical and Dental Institute. In-depth interviews revealed strong understanding of conventional pain assessment methods and openness to AI-supported solutions. However, concerns about trust, training, and infrastructure emerged as critical barriers to implementation. Phase II focused on the development and validation of AI models for objective pain classification based on continuous, real-time physiological data (heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure) collected via smartwatches over a 72-hour period.
Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles For Development Of Electrospun Antibacterial Wound Dressings
(2025-08)
Al-Khaial, Mohammed Qahtan Kanaan
Metallic nanoparticles, such as Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), are widely recognized and studied due to their strong antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. These properties make ZnO NPs suitable for incorporation with wound dressing materials. This study delineated the synthesis of ZnO NPs by an eco-friendly green method using plant extract, which is then incorporated into polymer fibers by electrospinning technique to make a fabric wound dressing. Herein, the dual challenge of enhancing mechanical properties while providing strong antibacterial activity in wound care materials was targeted. Banana peel with the species of Musa acuminata (Cavendish banana) was used for extraction.
Pharmacoeconomic Studies Of Breast Cancer Early Detection Programme In Malaysia
(2025-09)
Yeong, Siew Wei
The incidence of breast cancer continues to increase in malaysia, with 50.5% newly diagnosed at stages iii and iv. Various studies reported mixed outcomes of the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer early detection programmes among low- and middle-income countries. Our study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer early detection programmes (bcedp) through a markov model for a malaysian population. The markov model was constructed following the transition from lower to advanced stages with death as the end stage, in a lifetime horizon. We compared clinical breast examination (cbe), mammography (mmg), and a combination of cbe and mmg to no programme for women aged 40 and older. This model was used to forecast the three programmes' lifetime costs and health outcomes from the payer's and societal perspectives. The sample size was initially calculated to be 268 for both the cost data and health outcomes of utilities, with an adjustment calculated due to the addition of data collection sites. Cost data were obtained from breast cancer patient profiles in hospital kuala lumpur, and a patient survey was conducted to obtain the utility data from a few hospitals. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to address the uncertainty in parameters. A willingness-to-pay (wtp) threshold of one gross domestic product at rm51,830 (1 usd = rm4.4497, 2023) was used in this study. Quality adjusted life years (qaly) gained were calculated by the quality of life, with the length of life gained as the health benefit of an intervention when compared to no exposure to bcedp
Evaluation Of Current Practices Of Antimicrobial Use Among Neonates And Children In Selected Hospitals Of Punjab, Pakistan
(2025-06)
Mustafa, Zia Ul
Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics are one of the principal drivers of antimicrobial resistance (amr) including children. Consequently, the judicious and optimal use of antibacterial agents is an urgent need under pediatric oriented antimicrobial stewardship program (asp). There are considerable concerns with current high levels of inappropriate antibiotic use across all sectors in pakistan and the subsequent implications for amr. However, more information is needed, especially following the covid-19 pandemic, to achieve future targets. Consequently, the objectives of the study were to ascertain the current practices of antimicrobial use among neonates and children across hospitals in punjab, pakistan, combined with the current knowledge of asps and their implementation among pediatricians, to provide future guidance to all key stakeholder groups in pakistan. The world health organization (who) developed a standardized methodology to ascertain current antibiotic prescribing practices in hospitalized settings named “point prevalence survey (pps)”, which was adopted for the pps studies in this phd. In the first phase of this study, a multicenter pps was conducted among leading children’s hospitals in the public sector in pakistan treating infants and children as well as in the children wards of fourteen tertiary care health settings in the largest province,
Evaluation Of Management, Treatment Outcomes, And In-Depth Analysis Of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients In Punjab And Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
(2025-05)
Said, Muhammad Soaib
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (dr-tb), particularly multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tb, presents a significant public health challenge, especially in high-burden countries like pakistan. Managing pediatric dr- tb is complex, requiring a thorough understanding of treatment outcomes, drug resistance patterns, adverse drug reactions (adrs), and sputum culture conversion. This study aimed to assess risk factors associated with second-line drug (sld) resistance in pediatric dr-tb patients, evaluate treatment outcomes and unsuccessful treatment predictors, and analyze adr incidence and impact. Additionally, the study examined the rate and predictors of sputum culture conversion in mdr-tb patients. Conducted in two phases, the retrospective phase (2015–2021) analyzed data from programmatic management of drug-resistant tb (pmdt) sites, identifying key socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Among 491 dr-tb patients, 52.5% were female, 60.5% were aged 5–14 years, and 51.9% resided in urban areas. Notably, 90.4% were underweight, and 99.4% were hiv-negative. Retreatment cases comprised 74.3%, and 70.3% had mdr-tb, with pulmonary involvement in 95.1%. Laboratory findings indicated high resistance to first-line drugs, including isoniazid (68.4%), rifampicin (61.7%, p=0.026), pyrazinamide (76.2%), and ethambutol (84.1%).

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