Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Measuring Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Patients With Chronic Heart Failure And The Costeffectiveness And Affordability Of Empagliflozin For Heart Failure Treatment: The Malaysian Perspective
(2024-10)
Tan, Yi Jing
Heart failure (hf) causes debilitating symptoms, reduced functional capacity, and an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality, placing a significant strain on the malaysian ministry of health (moh), and adversely impacting patients’ healthrelated quality of life (hrqol). Despite its prognostic value, hrqol among local hf patients remains unexplored. Hf is often categorised using a left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef) cut-off of 40% to distinguish between the lvef≤40% and lvef>40% subgroups, which differ in pathophysiology, comorbidities, and responses to available treatments. Although trials have demonstrated empagliflozin’s efficacy and safety in both hf subgroups, evaluating its cost-effectiveness and affordability is crucial for decision-making about its adoption within the moh. While local economic analyses suggest empagliflozin’s cost-effectiveness and affordability for treating the lvef≤40% subgroup, these factors remain to be confirmed for the lvef>40% subgroup. Moreover, previous cost-effectiveness analysis (cea) did not incorporate local utility data, limiting the generalisability of the findings to the local context. This research aimed to address gaps in local hrqol and utility data for hf, and to perform a cea and budget impact analysis (bia) of empagliflozin treatment across the full lvef spectrum.
Evaluating Drug-Drug Interactions, Polypharmacy, Their Association With Mortality And Assessing Quality Of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients In Libya
(2024-11)
Gawdat, Rafadi Bilal B
This research addresses the critical gaps in understanding drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, and health-related quality of life among libyan hemodialysis patients, a population for which limited data exist. Given the high risk of adverse outcomes due to drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy in hemodialysis patients, the study aims to evaluate their prevalence and predictors, and to examine their association with in-hospital mortality. Additionally, the research explores the health-related quality of life of this population, identifying key determinants that influence the quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients, an area that remains underexplored in the libyan healthcare context. This study is divided into two parts. The first part presents a retrospective study aimed at identifying the prevalence and predictors of drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy in libya, as well as examining their association with in-hospital mortality. The second part involves a cross-sectional study conducted to assess health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients and to identify the factors influencing health-related quality of life. The retrospective study revealed that the prevalence of drug-drug interactions among hemodialysis patients is71.1% and polypharmacy is 74.1%, while hyper-polypharmacy prevalence rate is 9.2%, respectively.
Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma And Costeffectiveness Of The First-Line Treatments In A Medical University Hospital In Yunnan, China
(2024-10)
Gong, Hongyu
In china, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uhcc) poses a significant clinical challenge, highlighting the need to assess the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of first-line treatments. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of sorafenib, lenvatinib, and donafenib for uhcc in china, with a focus on disparities in quality-adjusted life years (qalys). We used a partitioned survival model for the analysis, drawing clinical data from medical records, patient-reported outcomes, literature, and expert consensus. Key outcomes included costs in us dollars, health outcomes in qalys, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (icer) based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of us $37,128 (three times china's per capita gdp) per qaly gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness. We also ran linear regression models to explore the relationship between qalys and variables such as treatment, age, gender, weight, job status, education, income, ethnicity, and chronic liver disease. Shapley values were used to determine the relative importance of these factors. Sorafenib provided an additional 0.024 qalys compared to lenvatinib, with icers of us $-176,876.12/qaly (weight >60 kg) and us $- 562,151.20/qaly (weight <60 kg). Negative icer values indicate that sorafenib is not only more effective but also less costly compared to lenvatinib, making it a dominant treatment option for both weight categories.
Perceptions, Attitudes, And Practices Of Asthma Patients And Community Pharmacists Towards The Use Of Over-The-Counter Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists At Community Pharmacies Of Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Approach
(2024-02)
Loh, Zhe Chi
The global prevalence of asthma stands at 262 million people. Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are commonly used for asthma relief, but concerns about their overuse, especially due to the over-the-counter (OTC) availability in Malaysia, have arisen. This study investigated perceptions, attitudes, and practices of asthma patients and community pharmacists towards the use of SABA at community pharmacies of Malaysia.
An Evaluation Of Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy In Patients With Sepsis Admitted To Intensive Care Units In Madinah, Saudi Arabia
(2024-02)
Ali, Ahmad Habeeb Hattab Dala
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of EAMT in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock, determinants of inadequate EAMT, the predictors of clinical outcomes, and the discriminatory performance of APACHE II score in predicting ICU mortality

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