Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis
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- PublicationInsights Into The Antidepressant Effects Of Centella Asiatica'S Triterpenoids In Unpredictable Chronic Stress Zebrafish Model: In Silico And In Vivo Studies(2025-04)Mando, ZaynabDepression is a debilitating mental disorder with high prevalence around the world. While current antidepressants have shown efficacy, they are limited by side effects, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Centella asiatica is a traditional medicinal herb recognised for its various neuropsychiatric benefits. The pentacyclic triterpenoids; asiatic acid and madecassic acid, and their related saponins; asiaticoside and madecasosside are the major constituents of c. Asiatica. Few pharmacological reports on the antidepressant activity of c. Asiatica’s triterpenoids biomarker are available, whereby the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This work aims to investigate the potential antidepressant effects of the triterpenoids and their correlation with the serotoninergic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis, immune response and brain endogenous metabolites. The antidepressant effect of c. Asiatica’s biomarkers on the serotoninergic system was evaluated via in silico approach.
- PublicationThe Role Of Pharmacist In Prescribing Error Interventions In Malaysian Public Healthcare Institutions(2025-05)Tan, Zhi Shan SujataPrescribing errors are a major cause of avoidable harm in healthcare worldwide. In malaysia, prescribing errors are prevalent in public healthcare facilities. Pharmacists play a vital role in screening and intervening in prescriptions before dispensing medications. In malaysia, the relationship between the number of pharmacists and the total number of interventions conducted on prescribing errors across different settings remains poorly understood. This study aims to understand the role of pharmacists in managing and reducing prescribing errors across different states in malaysia. Specifically, it seeks to explore the prevalence and patterns of prescribing errors, investigate the interventions made by pharmacists, and assess the examine the association between these interventions and patient safety and healthcare outcomes.. A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from the ministry of health's pharmacy management form (pf form) and the pharmacy board registry between 2017 and 2019. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between the number of pharmacists, total prescriptions received, and the number of prescribing errors intervened. A two-way anova analysis was also performed to compare the number of pharmacist interventions for each type of prescribing error across three different settings: health clinic outpatient pharmacy, hospital outpatient pharmacy, and hospital inpatient pharmacy as well as severity levels.
- PublicationPrevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Among Tuberculosis Patients And Treatment Outcomes In Penang, Malaysia(2024-11)Ram Bheesham, Ram BheeshamWorldwide load of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (cvd) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and cvd disease. Monocytes or macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cellular-mediated immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries. This retrospective study, conducted at penang general hospital, malaysia from january 2023 to july 2023, aimed to assess the prevalence of cvd among tb patients, explore associated risk factors, evaluate pharmacotherapy outcomes, and analyze mortality rates due to cvd within the tb population. A retrospective and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on tb patients without pre-existing cvd. This study was divided into two phases. Phase i involved the convenient sampling of 402 tb patient files, while phase ii utilized the purposive sampling of 657 deceased patient files from 2015 to 2022. Phase i findings revealed a significant prevalence of cvd among tb patients, with 10.2% developing cardiovascular complications.
- PublicationPharmacogenetic And Molecular Docking Analysis Of Hla-A, -B, And -Drb1 Markers In Antiepileptic Drug-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions In The Iraqi Population(2025-09)Ahmed, Ali Fadhel AhmedSevere Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs) induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are life-threatening immune-mediated conditions that present significant clinical challenges. Pharmacogenetics, particularly the study of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), plays a crucial role in predicting susceptibility to SCARs and guiding precision treatment strategies. This study focuses on identifying HLA alleles associated with AED-induced SCARs in the Iraqi population, particularly those linked to carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), and lamotrigine (LTG). This study aims to determine the allele frequencies of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 gene variations in healthy individuals, examine the clinical characteristics and types of SCARs, evaluate the correlation between HLA genotypes and susceptibility to SCARs by comparing affected cases and control group, and explore the mechanistic basis of these reactions through molecular docking of the implicated HLA alleles.
- PublicationImpact Of Statin And Identification Of Risk Factors Associated With The Development Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study In The United Arab Emirates(2025-04)Ammar, JairounChronic kidney disease (ckd) represents a significant worldwide health challenge, with far-reaching implications for both patients and healthcare systems. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of ckd incidence at stages 3-5, examines the impact of statin therapy and other antihyperglycemic interventions, and identifies key predictive factors, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of ckd progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records (emr) of united arab emirates (uae) populations with diabetes mellitus, registered at outpatient clinics at tawam hospital in al ain, uae, between january 2011 and december 2021. This study utilized two cohort groups, one of which consisted of a group of patients who were receiving statin therapy and another group of patients who were not receiving statin therapy and purposeful sampling was used in the recruitment of these patients. T2dm patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum hba1c level ≥ 6.5% and using one of the statin therapies were included. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm), who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, with under 1 year of follow-up and missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study.