Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Evaluation On Polar Quassinoids Of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack As Potential Anti-benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Agents
(2024-08)
Viji, Mathias Mathew Hipolith
The quassinoids of Eurycoma longifolia Jack have shown promising antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cells. This study hypothesized that this class of compounds would also be active against benign prostate hyperplastic (BPH) cells. Hence, this thesis aimed firstly, to isolate known and novel quassinoids by systematic fractionation of the polar fraction of the plant, and secondly, to determine the activity of the quassinoids as potential anti-benign prostate hyperplasia agents, in vitro and in vivo. Systematic fractionation of 70% alcoholic extract of E. longifolia roots through Diaion HP20 resin column produced four major fractions TAF1(10% Methanol in water), TAF2(30% Methanol in water), TAF3(50% Methanol in water), and TAF4(100% Methanol in water), in decreasing order of polarity. The second most polar fraction TAF2, found to contain a majority of the targeted quassinoids, was further pursued through a series of fractionation and purification steps, resulting in the isolation of nine known quassinoids and three hitherto unreported compounds: 71, a picrasinolide-type C19 quassinoid; 72, a C20 quassinoid glycoside; and 73, a C20 quassinoid. The structures of the compounds were confirmed and their configurations assigned by an array of spectroscopic techniques. The twelve quassinoids were evaluated in vitro in a benign prostate hyperplasia cell line BPH-1 for their ability to inhibit cell growth.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis Of Idursulfase For The Treatment Of Hunter Syndrome In A Tertiary Referral Centre For Rare Diseases In Malaysia: A Partitioned Survival Model Approach
(2024-08)
Mustaffa, Khairu Hazwan
Hunter syndrome (MPS-II) is among the costliest life-long genetic conditions associated with a substantial burden of illness and its significant impact on Malaysia's health systems, families, and society. There needs to be more studies demonstrating its value for money incorporating long-term effectiveness data, local costs situation, and population-specific utility values. The objective is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of long-term enzyme replacement therapy of idursulfase (ERTI) versus standard-of-care (SOC) from a societal using a streamlined modelling strategy in R. A de novo four states partitioned survival model approach was utilised to project and compare lifetime costs, QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of two care models. The disease progression was based on independent survival modelling of relevant published Kaplan-Meier (KM) data. The healthcare and out-of-pocket costs were drawn from the local setting. The quality-of-life was measured using the EQ5D5L and the TTO valuation of health state vignettes that matches the states in the model. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the uncertainty around the model results. The life expectancy was significantly longer in the ERTI than in the SOC, with SOC patients not surviving beyond the second decade of life on average. In contrast, life expectancy in the ERTI group exceeded 20 years (95% CI, 19.02-20.70). The lifetime incremental QALYs were 4.1 years (2.37-5.68).
Impact Of An Educational Intervention On Community Residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes And Perceptions Regarding Antibiotics And Antibiotic Resistance In Jelutong District, Penang, Malaysia
(2018-08)
Irawati, Lyna
To combat antibiotic resistance (ABR), the World Health Organization (WHO) urges all nations to increase public knowledge of antibiotics and ABR. In Malaysia, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of educational interventions on community residents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in relation to antibiotics and ABR. Therefore, this research project aimed to explore and assess community residents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding antibiotics and ABR in Jelutong District, Penang, Malaysia. It also aimed to develop and implement an educational intervention to increase residents’ knowledge and change their attitudes towards and perceptions of antibiotics and ABR.
Neuroprotective Effect Of Andrographispaniculata In Betaamyloid Model Of Inflammation And Oxidative Stress
(2019-08)
Khor, Boon Keat
The extracellular accumulation and deposition of P-amyloidi-42 (Ap) plaques in neuronal cells has been well accepted as one of the neuropathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. This misfolded protein cause activation of glial cells and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators in the brain, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Studies suggested that phytochemicals found in the plant may attenuate the toxicity and inflammation caused by Ap. In this study, the neuroprotective potential of Andrographis paniculata standardised extracts and its diterpenes was evaluated in the Ap model of inflammation and oxidative stress. Three extracts, namely aqueous [AP(H2O)]» 50% ethanolic (50% EtOH) and 95% ethanolic (95% EtOH) were prepared (yield of 25-30.5%) and standardised using the major diterpenes, andrographolide (ADG), neoandrographolide (Neo) and 14-deoxy- 11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3).
In Vitro Anti Cancer Properties Of Thiadiazole Coumarin Derivatives Against Colon Cancer
(2019-05)
Furqan Faisal, Sarah
Thiadiazole coumarin derivatives have been shown to be promising anti-cancer agents. In this study, five different thiadoazole coumarin derivatives (TCDs) were studied for their anticancer activity towards colorectal, breast and lung carcinoma. The TCDs {(OCH3-TC 1), (H3CO-TC 2), (H3CO-TC 3), (Br-TC 4), & (OH-TC)} are different in their structures. The compounds were tested for two important pathways of carcinogenesis namely angiogenesis and apoptosis. Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel development which is crucial for neoplastic tissues to obtain nourishment for their growth and metastasis.

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