Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis
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- PublicationResearch And Development Of Selfemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) For Enhanced Bioavailability Of Curcumin(2019-08)Chiang, Xin YenThe present study was conducted to formulate a sel f-emulsifying (SE) system for enhancing the systemic absorption of poor bioavailable lipophilic curcumin. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method with the required specificity, precision and accuracy was first developed for quantification of curcumin in rat and human plasma.
- PublicationEvaluation Of Renal Safety Of Raas Inhibitor Therapy: A Clinical And Pharmacovigilant Study(2024-07)Khaleel, Mohammad Ali MohammadAfter initiating a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) inhibitor, there is a risk of decreased renal functions or hyperkalaemia. Hence, biochemical monitoring tests for serum creatinine and potassium are warranted after therapy initiation and are mandatory by guidelines. However, adherence to the guidelines for performing these monitoring tests has been reported to be low globally, with unknown rates in malaysia. Additionally, the prevalence of serum creatinine increase by ≥30% or hyperkalaemia in malaysia after initiating raas inhibitors remains unknown. Using data from hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm) from 2010 to 2020, we studied serum creatinine increase and hyperkalaemia prevalence, along with this monitoring tests adherence. Adherence within 15 and 60 days of raas inhibitor initiation was 6.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Incidence rates of serum creatinine increase within 15 and 60 days were 4.9% and 6.7%, and for hyperkalaemia, 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively. An ensembled machine learning algorithm was developed using husm data to predict a ≥30% increase in serum creatinine within 60 days, showing robust performance metrics (auc: 0.945, accuracy: 0.959, precision: 0.737, sensitivity: 0.583, specificity: 0.985, balanced accuracy: 0.784). The predictive model would help physicians to easily highlight patients at high risk, make sure those patients will not miss the monitoring tests, and give physicians a chance to be proactive with patients’ treatment plans rather than reactive. For a more comprehensive study, we utilized the fda adverse event reporting system (faers), one of the world's largest pharmacovigilance databases, covering data from january 2004 to september 2021.
- PublicationEffects Of Obesity On The Risk Of Mechanical Ventilation, Mortality, Survival Rate And Post Covid-19 Symptoms Among Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients At Tertiary Care Hospitals Of Hyderabad And Karachi, Pakistan(2024-06)Qureshi, AliThe covid-19 virus has affected a huge population of the world, including more than 3 million mortalities across the globe till 2020. The case fatality rate as of december 2020 was 2.29% in pakistan. In parallel with covid-19, another huge challenge to the global health community is the prevalence of obesity. Obesity is a known risk factor for severe covid-19 infection. In many cases it can leads to hospitalization, intensive care admissions, mechanical ventilation, and eventually death. Many individuals who recovered from the acute phase of the sars-cov-2 infection face long lasting symptoms which includes cognitive impairment, sleep trouble, exercise intolerance, and autonomic complaints. This condition is known as post-covid-19 syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of obesity on the risk of mechanical ventilation, mortality, survival rate and post covid-19 symptoms among hospitalized covid-19 patients at tertiary care hospitals of hyderabad and karachi, pakistan. This multicentered research was conducted at two public sector hospitals of sindh, pakistan. The study was accomplished in two phases, which were the retrospective phase conducted from march to december 2020 and the prospective phase conducted from january to july 2021. Survival analysis including survival function curve and cox-proportional hazards regression was conducted to determine the impact of obesity on survival rate.
- PublicationDevelopment And Characterisation Of Inhaled Andrographolide As An Anti-Cancer Agent(2024-06)Aljothi, ShankarDespite the promising anti-cancer activity of andrographolide against lung cancer, its limited water solubility and low bioavailability pose significant challenges for effective oral administration. To address this issue, the current study focused on the development and comparison of two inhalable preparations of andrographolide for pulmonary drug delivery. Precipitation and spray drying , prepared using precipitation and spray drying techniques, and direct spray drying, produced via direct spray drying of andrographolide solution, exhibited favorable in vitro aerosol performance, storage stability, and dissolution profiles. Morphology and crystalline properties of the preparations were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (sem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis, respectively. In vitro aerosol dispersion profile was evaluated using a next-generation impactor (ngi). Precipitation and spray drying consisted of elongated crystals with an average diameter of 1.65 ± 0.34 μm while direct spray drying was made of amorphous spherical particles with an average diameter of 1.43 ± 0.19 μm. Both preparations showed inhalable fractions (particle size < 5 μm) of more than 44% making them suitable for pulmonary drug delivery. The 25% inhibitory concentration (ic25) for precipitation and spray drying was 31.91 μg/ml while direct spray drying demonstrated ic25 of 6.57 μg/ml against lung carcinoma cells (a549). Both preparations were relatively stable in a vacuum condition at 30°c up to 3 months. In conclusion,
- PublicationAn Evaluation On Penang Hospital Pharmacists, Community Pharmacists, And Consumers’ Perception Toward The Implementation Of Zoning Of Community Pharmacies In Penang, Malaysia(2024-05)Leong, Pui CheeOver the years, the zoning policy regarding community pharmacies has stirred controversy in malaysia. Despite being widely adopted in many countries, such policies have yet to be implemented in malaysia. This study aimed to assess in depth opinion of hospital pharmacists, community pharmacists and consumers regarding zoning of community pharmacies in malaysia. A semi-structured qualitative study utilising face-to-face interviews was carried out in april to september 2021 among 11 hospital pharmacists (aged 31 to 40 years), 12 community pharmacists (aged 31 to 40 years) and 10 consumers (aged 27 to 48 years old) in penang, malaysia. Purposive sampling was employed, and data collection was stopped when the saturation point was reached. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were independently coded and verified by experts with the resultant data analysed by atlas.Ti version 8 using thematic analysis. The study found that hospital pharmacists and consumers have lack of exposure to the concept of zoning policy. All the three respondent groups were aware about the oversaturation of community pharmacies in urban areas as compared to rural areas. They believed that many pharmacists refused to establish their stores in rural areas because of hard to survive in business.