Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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Development And Characterisation Of Electrospun Solid Dispersions Of Atovaquone For Enhanced Buccal Drug Delivery
(2023-02)
Teoh, Xin Yi
The present study investigated a poorly aqueous soluble drug, atovaquone (ATQ) formulated using an electrospinning solid dispersion strategy with polymer carrier systems. Thermal treatment was applied to ATQ form I and reported heat-sensitive properties where it sublimates and degrades before melting temperature. Following the thermal treatment, a new polymorph (ATQ form sub/eva) was obtained as a result of sublimation and evaporation. Besides, an anomalous stepwise transition circa -20°C was identified from the ATQ produced via melt-quenching demonstrating the possibility of ATQ amorphisation. Subsequently, a non-heat invasive electrospinning technique was utilised to produce solid dispersions of ATQ with the polymer PVPVA or/and PVP. High content recovery of ATQ electrospun samples was quantitated by a novel HPLC method developed herein. Hydrogen bonding interactions between ATQ and polymers were identified through ATR-FTIR analysis. A reduction of ATQ crystallinity was confirmed in the electrospun samples and the ATQ electrospun solid dispersions have been shown to improve the solubility and drug release profiles compared to the raw crystalline ATQ. However, there was no proportional relationship between the degree of crystallinity reduction and the improvement of the drug release profile reported. Instead, an optimisation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the polymeric system was highlighted to sustain the supersaturation state by preventing solution-mediated recrystallisation of the electrospun samples.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Sarcopenia In Outpatient Pre-Dialysis Patients In A Tertiary Care Centre In Johor
(2023-09)
Moorthy, Shantasaroopini Sathia
Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although it is primarily a disease of the elderly, its development may be associated with conditions that are not exclusively seen in elderly population. Hence, it is important to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease population and its associated risk factors in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. This eight months cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease aged 18 years or older who attended the out-patient Renal Clinic at Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah Muar Johor. By using the diagnostic methods proposed by AWGS, sarcopenia was detected in 5.2% of pre-dialysis patients with CKD, with CKD stage 3-5 accounting for 0.4%, 0.8%, and 4% respectively. Multiple logistic regression models revealed that sarcopenia was associated with age (AOR: 0.966, 95% CI: 0.801-1.164), body mass index (BMI) (AOR: 0.390, 95% CI: 0.166-0.912), presence of chronic illness (AOR: 0.529, 95% CI: 0.023-12.237), MBI score (AOR: 0.644, 95% CI: 0.470-0.884, and serum albumin (AOR: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.526-1.257).
Computer-Assisted Evaluation Of Bacterial Susceptibility Patterns To Antibiotic Usage In District Hospital
(1992-12)
Yahaya, Ruhaiyem
A computer-based system developed using Dbase III Plus and Clipper Summer '87 runs on IBM PC/AT or its compatible was designed to assist in the evaluation of bacterial susceptibility pattern to antibiotic usage. 10,010 bacterial culture and sensitivity data from District Hospital Sungei Petani for the years 1986 to 1990 were processed by the system to study the susceptibility pattern of the various organisms isolated and then tested for correlation with antibiotic consumed during the five years.
Theobromine-Based Synthetic Derivatives As Potential Inhibitors Of Dengue Virus Ii Serine Protease
(2023-02)
Saqallah, Fadi Ghassan Mohammed
Dengue is an RNA viral disease that is spread across tropical and subtropical urbanised districts. Up to June 2022, more than 17,497 cases of dengue infections have been reported in Malaysia since the beginning of the year, which is considered an increment of 57.6% compared to the first six months of 2021. Moreover, up to date, there is no licensed drug treatment for the management of dengue infections. Dengue virus (DENV) uses the NS2B/NS3 protease to cleave its polyprotein throughout the virus’s replication and life cycle. Hence, inhibiting the viral protease can suppress the replication of DENV. Previously, some unpublished data by our group showed that Theobroma cacao inhibited the DENV2 protease. Theobromine is a naturally occurring alkaloid commonly found in Theobroma cacao. Theobromine has a purine chemical scaffold which resembles that of 19 famous antivirals, which are either commercially available or under clinical investigations, including acyclovir. Moreover, only a few studies have reported the synthesis of theobromine and its derivatives, but to date, none have been related to antiviral agents. In this study, a group of 137 theobromine-based hybrid molecules were designed by conjugating theobromine (at position °1; the secondary amine) with other commercially available chemical entities and compounds.
Assessment Of Risk Factors Associated With Mortality And Developing Drug Resistant Tuberculosis In Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study
(2023-02)
Yaghi, Aseel Rezeq Ali
Globally, Malaysia classified as an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden country. Increasing mortality rate and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) played the major role in achieving unsuccessful treatment outcomes among TB patients. Despite the national efforts to control TB in the country, but little is known about the management and treatment outcomes of MDR-TB patients from Malaysia as well as the risk factors of mortality among TB population. For this purpose, a total of 351 TB patients, including 26 MDR-TB patients treated at chest clinic of Hospital Pulau Pinang were included in the present retrospective study. Medical records of TB patients were reviewed and sociodemographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of the patients were extracted to data collection sheet designed by a team of doctors, pharmacists and health providers. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed using SPSS version 23.

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