Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi - Tesis

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    Evaluation Of An Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Implementation For Surgical Prophylaxis In A Referral Hospital In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
    (2023-12)
    Ahmad, Nehad Jaser Yousef
    Antimicrobial stewardship refers to the coordinated efforts to enhance the use of antimicrobial agents by encouraging the use of proper antibiotic selection, method of administration, antimicrobial dose, and duration of therapy. The current study sought to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship measures in improving antibiotic use in surgical patients.
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    Evaluation Of Post-Caesarean Pain Management, Pain Intensity And Risk Factor Among Patients In Hospital Pulau Pinang
    (2017-03)
    Jasim, Hanan Hussein
    The caesarean section (cs) rate increased significantly over the past years, accounting for 15 to 25% of births. In the post-cs period, moderate to severe postoperative pain is a commonly reported problem. Good post-cs analgesia improves maternal functional ability and interaction with newborn. There are several analgesic options to optimize pain management, each of them with different efficacy and safety. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness, and safety of postoperative pain management regimen in patients undergoing caesarean section in the obstetric unit of a hospital in the northern part of malaysia, pulau pinang. In addition, to document the incidence of opioid side effect and the incidence of surgical site infection as well as to identify their risk factors. A retrospective chart review of 400 caesarean deliveries was conducted between january 2013 and june 2014.
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    Anti-Diabetic Activity-Guided Studies Of Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Leaf Extracts And Elucidation Of Their Mechanisms Of Action
    (2015-11)
    Widyawati, Tri
    Anti-diabetic activity guided studies were performed on the leaves of syzygium polyanthum, a popular traditional medicinal herb in north sumatera, indonesia. The anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by determining whether the extracts lowered the blood glucose levels (bgl) of normal rats (hypoglycaemic test), inhibited the rise of bgl of intraperitoneally glucose- loaded rats (glucose tolerance test) and lowered bgl of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dried powdered s. Polyanthum leaves were extracted serially with petroleum ether (pee), chloroform (ce), methanol (me) and water (we). In diabetic rats, single-dose administration of the extracts showed that only me reduced bgl. However, upon repeated-dose administration for 6 days both pee and me reduced bgl significantly. Therefore, liquid-liquid partition was used to fractionate me into the following fractions: chloroform (cf), ethyl acetate (eaf), n-butanol (n-bf) and water (wf). Repeated administration of cf and wf decreased bgl of diabetic rats. Cf was shaken with n-hexane to yield an undissolved fraction (sf-1) and a dissolved fraction (sf-2). Onlysf-1 lowered bgl of diabetic rats. Gc-ms identified the presence of squalene (sq)in me, cf and sf-1. Repeated administration of sq reduced bgl of diabetic rats.This suggests that sq is one of the compounds in s. Polyanthum leaf that contributeto its anti-diabetic activity. Repeated-dose for 12 days of me, cf, wf, sf-1 and sqproved that me was the most active blood glucose lowering agent.
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    Research And Development Of Selfemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) For Enhanced Bioavailability Of Curcumin
    (2019-08)
    Chiang, Xin Yen
    The present study was conducted to formulate a sel f-emulsifying (SE) system for enhancing the systemic absorption of poor bioavailable lipophilic curcumin. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method with the required specificity, precision and accuracy was first developed for quantification of curcumin in rat and human plasma.
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    Evaluation Of Renal Safety Of Raas Inhibitor Therapy: A Clinical And Pharmacovigilant Study
    (2024-07)
    Khaleel, Mohammad Ali Mohammad
    After initiating a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) inhibitor, there is a risk of decreased renal functions or hyperkalaemia. Hence, biochemical monitoring tests for serum creatinine and potassium are warranted after therapy initiation and are mandatory by guidelines. However, adherence to the guidelines for performing these monitoring tests has been reported to be low globally, with unknown rates in malaysia. Additionally, the prevalence of serum creatinine increase by ≥30% or hyperkalaemia in malaysia after initiating raas inhibitors remains unknown. Using data from hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm) from 2010 to 2020, we studied serum creatinine increase and hyperkalaemia prevalence, along with this monitoring tests adherence. Adherence within 15 and 60 days of raas inhibitor initiation was 6.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Incidence rates of serum creatinine increase within 15 and 60 days were 4.9% and 6.7%, and for hyperkalaemia, 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively. An ensembled machine learning algorithm was developed using husm data to predict a ≥30% increase in serum creatinine within 60 days, showing robust performance metrics (auc: 0.945, accuracy: 0.959, precision: 0.737, sensitivity: 0.583, specificity: 0.985, balanced accuracy: 0.784). The predictive model would help physicians to easily highlight patients at high risk, make sure those patients will not miss the monitoring tests, and give physicians a chance to be proactive with patients’ treatment plans rather than reactive. For a more comprehensive study, we utilized the fda adverse event reporting system (faers), one of the world's largest pharmacovigilance databases, covering data from january 2004 to september 2021.