Publication: Chrononutrition behavior and its association with dietary intake and sleep quality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia(HPUSM)
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Date
2025-07
Authors
Zulkifli, Nik Nur Farah Nasuha Binti Nik
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Abstract
Chrononutrition behavior is the timing of the food intake that interacts with body’s circadian rhythm and plays an important role in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). An irregular and inconsistent eating pattern with poor sleep quality can negatively impact the glycemic control and overall health outcomes among individual with T2DM. Aim of this study to determine the chrononutrition behavior and its association between dietary intake and sleep quality among T2DM patients in HPUSM. A total of 103 T2DM patients were recruited from clinics include Klinik Pakar Perubatan, Klinik Rawatan Keluarga and Klinik Dietetik Pesakit Luar based on inclusion criteria. Study subjects were selected through purposive sampling method. Questionnaires include sociodemographic data and biochemical data of subjects. Besides that, chrononutrition behavior was assessed using Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire (CPQ-M) while dietary intake assessed through 24-hour diet recall and sleep quality assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Malay (PSQI-M). This study showed that mean age for T2DM patients in HPUSM was 64.43 (12.59) years old. Most of the subjects reported for having good chrononutrition behavior with mean wake time and bedtime was 5:41 (1.06) am and 10:55 (1.42) p.m. overall, most of the participant consume meal within recommended with of mean percentage energy intake from carbohydrate (CHO) was 54.43%, protei was 17.45% and fat was 28.17%. Moreover, sleep quality prevalence showed that 98.1% of the subjects had poor sleep quality. In terms of association between dietary intake and chrononutrition behavior, data were analyzed using Independent One-way ANOVA test, there are significant difference found in total energy and macronutrient intake with evening eating behavior and eating window (p= <0.05). Data analyzed using Pearson Chi Square test showed that there was a statistically significant association between night eating behavior and sleep quality (X2 =11.687, p = 0.03) but no significant association between other chrononutrition behavior. In conclusion, poor chrononutrition behavior and poor sleep quality were important among T2DM patients
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