Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Tesis

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Protein energy intake, mid-upper arm circumferences and hand-grip strength among hemodialysis patients in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)
(2025-07)
Mior, Sharifah Amirah Awatif Syed
In this study, protein energy intake and mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) are known as independent variable while hand-grip strength (HGS) is known as dependant variables. This study investigates the relationship between protein energy intake, mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) and hand-grip strength (HGS) among haemodialysis patients at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 patients aged 18 years old and above. Data were collected using anthropometry measurement which is mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC), hand-grip strength (HGS), and dietary intake (3 days 24-hours diet recall). Out of 80 subjects from hemodialysis patients (35 male and 45 female) , it was discovered that there is a positive correlation between mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) and hand-grip strength (HGS) among hemodialysis patients with the values (p = 0.004, r = 0.316). There is significantly association between gender and living arrangement (p = 0.044), between gender and monthly household income (p = 0.034), between gender and heart disease (p = 0.002) with men had higher prevalence of heart disease than women, between gender and gout (p = 0.001) with men had higher prevalence of gout than women, between gender and breathing difficulties (p = 0.021) with men has higher prevalence of having breathing difficulties. There is significant association between gender and protein energy intake, mid-upper arm circumferences (MUAC) and hand-grip strength (HGS) with the values (p = 0.023, p = 0.001, p < 0.001). However, there is no statistically significant correlation was found between protein energy intake and hand-grip strength (HGS). Nonetheless, it is suggested to separate between outpatients and inpatients setting in the study because their diet 24-hours diet recall might be different. It will helps to provide clear understanding on the factors affecting hand-grip strength (HGS) to improve muscle mass and muscle strength among haemodialysis patients. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and explore interventions to optimize dietary intake and muscle mass and muscle strength in haemodialysis patients
The association of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) with risk of eating disorder among undergraduate students in USM Health Campus
(2025-07)
Maarof, Siti Athirah
Recent years have witnessed the uprising trends in the prevalence of eating disorders among university students. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) with the risk of eating disorder among undergraduate students in the USM health campus. A total of 154 students participated, and data were collected using a self-administered Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) along with anthropometric measurement of BMI and WHtR. Based on weight and height measurement, the BMI was calculated, while WHtR was computed using waist circumference and height measurements. The Fisher Exact Test and Pearson’s Chi-Square were used to determine the association between BMI and WHtR with the risk of eating disorder, respectively. Results revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 21 to 22 years old (53.9%). Most participants were Malay (87.7%) and 68.2% were female, third year students (37.7%) and from PPSP and PPSK (40.3%). In addition, 18.2% of the students were at a higher chance on risk of developing an eating disorder, 48.1% students had a normal BMI, and 72.7% were at low risk of WHtR (< 0.5). In the meantime, the study reported a sigmificant association between BMI and risk of eating disorder (p<0.001) and as well as WHtR with risk of eating disorder (p< 0.001). Therefore, there is a significant association between body mass index and waist-to-height ratio with the risk of eating disorders. Students with higher BMI and WHtR values are more likely to be at risk of eating disorders. It highlights that both measurements can be used as a potential anthropometric measure in early risk identification
The association of internet addiction with physical activity and weight status of students in health campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
(2025-06)
Zainal, Aiman Zafri
Internet addiction (IA) is characterized by an inability to control internet use, leading to negative consequences in daily life. IA has garnered attention due to its potential impact on overall health, particularly its association with weight status and obesity-related issues. IA also give association with physical activity level. This study examines the prevalence of IA and its association with weight status and physical activity among students at the USM Health Campus (USMKK). A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 205 participants completing self-reported physical questionnaire, including Internet Addiction Test (IAT), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The prevalence of internet addiction was discovered to be 62.9%, with the majority of individuals was female (72.9%) and Malay (91.5%), with a mean age of 22 years (SD=1.3). The mean BMI was 22.91 kg/m2 (SD=4.84), and 59.5% were categorized as having a normal BMI. Fisher’s Exact test revealed that there is significant association between internet addiction status and BMI categories (0.03). There is no significant association between IA status and Physical Activity (0.254). Furthermore, no significant relationships were discovered between internet addiction and demographic variables such as gender, ethnicity, category of household income, or scholarship receiver. The findings indicate that demographic characteristics alone may not be strong predictors of internet addiction, emphasizing the need for additional study into psychological and behavioural aspect. Future longitunidal studies with bigger, more diverse samples are needed to better understand the connections between variables and broader implications on IA especially among university students
Meal pattern of university students and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and the risk of eating disorders
(2025-06)
Nazman, Bibi Imin Haiyin
Eating disorders are critical psychiatric disorders that are determined by ongoing abnormalities in eating habits and associated thinking and feelings about foodstuff, body weight, and build up. This cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the meal pattern, body mass index (BMI), and risk of an eating disorder (ED) amongst the 206 undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus. Anthropometric measurements were taken and data recorded using structured self-administered questionnaires which were developed based on NHMS 2014 Meal Pattern Questionnaire and the Malay-validated EAT-26. Results showed that breakfast was the greatest meal not consumed with 56.3% eating it less than four times a week whereas lunch and dinner were taken regularly. Majority of students accessed food in campus cafeteria and dined alone. A remarkable 90.3% were found at risk of ED and it was considerably more prevalent in females (p=0.031) and Malay students (p=0.040). Nevertheless, statistical results indicated no significant association between frequency of breakfast (p=0.673), lunch (p=0.840), dinner (p=0.779), or heavy meals after dinner (p=0.111) with BMI, or with ED risk (all p-values > 0.05). These results show that abnormal meal patterns do not necessarily have direct implications in expedited health outcomes, unless other lifestyle and psychological factors are taken into account. The research presents the necessity of interaction between nutrition and mental health intervention specifically designed to address the university population to promote better health behavior and assist in the prevention of ED
Gender differences in dietary habits, lifestyle practices and nutritional status of university students
(2025-06)
Azlili, Nurul Shafiza
Gender differences in dietary habits, lifestyle practices, and nutritional status among university students remain inconsistent across populations, yet understanding these differences is important for effective health promotion. This cross-sectional study examined associations between gender and fruit intake, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) among university students. The results indicated no significant association between gender and fruit intake (p = 0.509), with a slightly higher proportion of males (66.7%) reporting fruit consumption compared to females (59.5%), suggesting that fruit intake was relatively similar across genders, consistent with previous findings in Turkey (Çapar et al., 2024). In contrast, lifestyle practices differed significantly by gender (p = 0.009), with a larger proportion of females (81.0%) classified as sedentary compared to males (55.6%), and more males reporting moderate physical activity (44.4%) than females (19.0%), aligning with prior research indicating higher physical activity levels among male university students (Schmidt et al., 2022; Espada et al., 2023). Nutritional status, assessed via BMI, showed no significant gender differences (p = 0.706), although males had a slightly higher prevalence of obesity and females a higher prevalence of underweight, reflecting patterns observed in multinational university populations (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2014). These findings suggest that while gender may not strongly influence fruit intake or BMI among university students, it is associated with lifestyle behaviors, particularly physical activity Interventions to promote physical activity may need to target female students specifically, whereas dietary and nutritional strategies may benefit from a universal approach. Overall, this study highlights the nuanced role of gender in shaping health behaviors and nutritional outcomes within the university context

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