Publication: HPLC-based forensic differentiation between organic and conventional tomatoes
| dc.contributor.author | Zamri, Muhammad Aiman Hakimi Mohd | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-08-16T02:34:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-08-16T02:34:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The higher market value of organic food has increased concerns about food fraud, creating a need for reliable methods to verify organic claims. This study aimed to differentiate between organic and conventional tomatoes using HPLC combined with chemometric analysis, focusing on carotenoid profiles. Tomato samples were extracted and analysed using reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode array detection. Major carotenoids were identified based on their retention times and spectral characteristics. Lycopene was found to be the dominant compound, followed by β- carotene, while other chemical substances were present in smaller amounts. The chromatographic data were processed and normalised prior to statistical analysis using multiple logistic regression, PCA and LDA. Multiple logistic regression did not show statistically significant differences between organic and conventional tomatoes (p > 0.05) based on the chemical substances appeared in the chromatograms. PCA score plots also showed overlapping clusters, suggesting that overall chemical variation was not strongly linked to whether they were conventional gown or of organic origin. However, LDA based on the PCA-scores had achieved an overall classification accuracy of 84.6%, demonstrating the possible to differentiate the two groups. In conclusion, although visual comparison of HPLC chromatograms alone was not sufficient for differentiation, the combination with chemometrics has provided possible classification. This study highlighted the importance of HPLC analysis in supported by multivariate approaches for food authentication and forensic analysis. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/24836 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | - | |
| dc.title | HPLC-based forensic differentiation between organic and conventional tomatoes | |
| dc.type | Resource Types::text::thesis::bachelor thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oairecerif.author.affiliation | Universiti Sains Malaysia |