Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan - Monograf
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- PublicationUnveiling safety profile of Pereskia bleo leaf extract: A comprehensive study on female toxicity and teratogenicity in Sprague Dawley rats.(2024-05-28)
- PublicationThe effect of light resistance training using dumbbells and ankle-wrist weights on modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors.(2013)Yaacob, Najib MajdiCardiovascular diseases which account for the majority of the population disease burden are closely linked to unhealthy lifestyles. One of the global strategies to reduce the burden is by promoting physical activity which includes both aerobic activity and resistance training. Resistance training is an important component of physical activity which has a great potential for improvement of overall health. This study aimed to determine and compare the effect of light resistance training using either dumbbells or ankle-wrist weights on body composition, blood pressure, health related physical fitness and biochemical parameters among overweight and obese adults in Kelantan. One hundred and thirty eight overweight and obese adults, aged 18-60 years were randomized to two groups; dumbbell group (n=69) and ankle-wrist weight group (n=69). Participants in dumbbell group performed group exercises three times per week using a pair of one kilogram dumbbells. The exercise consisted of a one sets of 12 movements, 12 repetitions for each movements which lasted for 20 minutes. Participants in ankle-wrist weight groups were given a pair of 500 gm ankle and a pair of 500 gm wrist weights to be used during activities of daily living for at least 20 minutes, three days per week. For both groups, resistances training for the first three months were closely monitored for adherence and the last three months were not directly monitored. Eighty nine participants completed this sixth month study. At third month, both groups showed significant reduction from baseline in waist circumference (WC) (dumbbell group: mean difference: 4.26, 95% CI: 2.10, 6.42; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: 3.31, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.55; p<0.001), waist to hip ratio (WHR) (dumbbell group: mean difference: 0.022,95% CI: 0.003, 0.041; p—0.016; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: 0.011, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.022; p—0.035) body fat percentage (dumbbell group: mean difference: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.68; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.69; p<0.001) and significant increase in skeletal muscle percentage (dumbbell group: mean difference: -0.66, 95% CI: -1.06, -0.27; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -0.82, 95% CI: -1.13, -0.51; p<0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (dumbbell group: mean difference: 17.23, 95% CI: 14.63, 19.83; p<0.001; anklewrist weight group: mean difference: 15.57, 95% CI: 13.18, 17.96; p<0.001), muscular endurance (Push up test: dumbbell group: mean difference: -5.78, 95% CI: -7.04, -4.51; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -5.41, 95% CI: - 6.48, -4.34; p<0.001; Sit up test: dumbbell group: mean difference: -8.33, 95% CI: - 10.18, -6.47; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -8.96, 95% CI: - 10.46, -7.46; p<0.001), muscular strength (Handgrip strength: dumbbell group: mean difference: -6.30, 95% CI: -8.77, -3.83; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -4.16, 95% CI: -5.51, -2.82; p<0.001; Leg strength: dumbbell group: mean difference: -16.43, 95% CI: -19.84, -13.02; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -21.49, 95% CI: -25.89, -17.09; p<0.001) and flexibility (dumbbell group: mean difference: -5.40, 95% CI: -6.63, -4.17; p<0.001; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: -1.67, 95% CI: -2.40, -0.95; p<0.001). Participants in dumbbell group showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (mean difference: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.57; p=0.033), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.63; p=0.004) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.66; p=0.002) while participants in ankle-wrist weight group showed significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (mean difference: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.02; p=0.014) at the end of the third month. At the end of sixth month, significant reduction from baseline in WC and WHR, and significant increase in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility were maintained with addition of significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for both groups (dumbbell group: mean difference: 5.60, 95% CI: 1.24, 9.96; p=0.006; ankle-wrist weight group: mean difference: 5.27, 95% CI: 0.99, 9.54; p=0.008) and significant increase in HDL-C were maintained for ankle-wrist weight group. After adjustment of age only improvement of WC, SBP, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility were still significant. Effect of six months light resistance training between using dumbbells and ankle-wrist weights were similar with exception of leg strength which was better in ankle-wrist weight group (at month 3: 62.38 vs. 68.43; at month 6: 58.38 vs. 70.96; p<0.001) and flexibility was better for dumbbell group (at month 3: 36.70 vs. 32.59; at month 6: 37.83 vs. 33.35; p<0.001). Resistance exercise using either dumbbells or ankle-wrist weight produce significant improvement in certain components of body composition, blood pressure, health related physical fitness and biochemical parameters. Light resistance training should be considered to be an integral component of healthy lifestyle promotion programs aiming to reduce cardiovascular risk and to improve overall health.
- PublicationScreening of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in Hospital Universiti Sains.(2013)Apparau, HemaLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been recognized as an extraesophageal manifestation of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, many questions still exist as how to diagnose this disease accurately and to identify patients with silent reflux. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LPR in patients with GERD symptoms in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian. This is a cross sectional study involving 115 patients presenting to Gastroenterology clinic and Outpatient clinic in HUSM from December 2011 to June 2012. Participants were required to answer the Symptomatic GERD questionnaire and Reflux Symptom Index questionnaire. This was followed by laryngeal examination and documentation of Reflux Finding Score. The prevalence of LPR in patients with symptomatic GERD was 33.04%. The commonest symptom in RSI was ‘heartbum, chest pain, indigestion or stomach acid coming up’. The most commonest sign seen in RFS is ‘erythema’. There was significant correlation between RSI and RFS. LPR is present in patients with symptoms of GERD. RSI and RFS play an important role to identify patients with LPR and aid the clinician to deliver the appropriate treatment to them.
- PublicationPercutaneous balloon angioplasty in central venous stenosis and occlusion in haemodialysis vascular access: comparison of the outcome.(2013)Wahed, HanizaCentral venous occlusive disease is currently increasing in trend, in view of improved health care and lifestyle changes. Central venous occlusive disease requires treatment, especially in hemodialysis patient. Venous hypertension in this disease interfere the hemodialysis access and eventually leading to its dysfunction and access termination. Interventional radiology has emerged in endovascular treatment, playing its important role in treatment of central venous occlusive disease. Surgical intervention has been less favourable in the management of central venous occlusive disease, indirectly reduces the health care burden. The current practice of central venous occlusive disease is an endovascular approach as a frontline. However there is no proper protocol in managing the disease. In this study, success rate in venous stenosis and venous occlusion were compared and the association of degree of stenosis and length of occlusion with success rate has been studied. Hopefully it will help in predicting the patient which is suitable for endovascular management or surgery and contributing in developing a proper management protocol in the future. This is a cross sectional retrospective study of percutaneous angioplasty in the treatment of central venous stenosis and occlusion in Hospital Pulau Pinang for period 21 months from May 2011 to February 2013. The patient’s notes were traced and data were collected on the success rate, complication rate, presence and location of stenosis, degree of stenosis and length of occlusion. Venograms were reviewed in all cases to assess lesion characteristics, pre procedure and post procedure results. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the demographic data. 71 patients were included into this study of which 42 (59.2%) males and 29 (40.8%) females. Their age ranged from 17 to 86 years old. 21 (29.6%) were Malay, 39 (54.9%) Chinese and 11 (15.5%) are Indian. From total 71 patients, 28 (39.4%) cases are were venous stenosis and 43 (60.6%) cases were venous occlusions. 25 out of 28 cases of venous stenosis were successfully treated with success rate of 89.3%. 19 out of 43 cases of venous occlusion were successfully treated with success rate of 44.2%. There is association between the success rate of procedure and degree of stenosis and length of occlusion. The success rate of percutaneous angioplasty in central venous stenosis is higher (89.3%) compare to total venous occlusion (44.2%) among haemodialysis patient. The degree of stenosis and length of occlusion is significantly associated with the success rate of percutaneous balloon angioplasty.
- PublicationA randomized trial on haemodynamic changes during intubation using airtraqr and macintosh laryngoscope(2013)Chen, Chua ChenSympathetic response is associated with laryngoscopy and intubation. Such response can be hazardous to patients with poor physiological reserve. Many research and development were done to look for the best way of obtunding this response. New laryngoscopes like Airtraq® laryngoscope were designed to improve the process of intubation and thus reduces sympathetic response secondary to laryngoscopy and intubation. To compare the sympathetic response and immediate complication of endotracheal intubation using Airtraq® and Macintosh laryngoscope, which are then analyzed to determine if the newer Airtraq® laryngoscope is an inferior, equal or superior alternative to the mainstay Macintosh laryngoscope. This is an experimental, prospective, stratified, single blind randomized study. 142 patients who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were allocated into Airtraq® and Macintosh group according to age group, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. sBP, dBP, MAP and HR of patients at baseline, during intubation, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes post-intubation were collected and compared. Complications associated with laryngoscopy and intubation were observed in this study too. Statistical analysis using mean (SD) and ANOVA test were performed on the data obtained. Data was compared in general, age group below 40 years old and age group above 40 years old. In general, there was significant difference within group for both Airtraq® and Macintosh groups for sBP, dBP, MAP (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant different between and within-between group for sBP, dBP, MAP and HR. Pressure response was significant different within and between groups for age group more than 40 years old (p 0.05) and the changes were more than 20.0% from the baseline in Airtraq® group. No significant different in HR between 2 groups and the changes were less than 20.0% in all age groups. Airtraq® laryngoscope causes less sympathetic stimulation during laryngoscopy and intubation. It is suitable to use in elder patients and those which exaggerated sympathetic response during laryngoscopy can be hazardous.