Publication: Characteristic of abo antibodies among group o blood donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan
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Date
2022
Authors
Saidin, Nur Ilyia Syazwani
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Background and Objectives: Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A and anti-B antibodies in group O blood products is rare but potentially fatal. This study aims to identify the prevalence of high ABO antibodies titer and the immunoglobulin classes either IgM only or with IgG combination. We also intended to estimate the prevalence of high IgG titers and hemolysin antibodies in group O blood donors and to determine the association of the above parameters with gender and age. Methods: Plasma from group O blood donors was tested for ABO antibody titration using the conventional tube technique at room temperature, and titer obtained higher than 64 were considered high. The plasma was then treated with 0.01 M dithiothreitol (DTT) to determine the presence of IgG antibodies and their titer. IgG titers more than 64 were considered high. Test for hemolysis was done using tube method by mixing the plasma with 3% of fresh A and B cells suspension and incubated at 37 degrees temperature. The hemolysis was observed macroscopically. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square Test/Fisher Exact test, and P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: From 311 donors, 238 (76%) showed high anti-A and/or anti-B antibody titer. The highest antibody titer obtained was 256. High anti-A and anti-B titer were found more in younger age group (<40). We found anti-B titer shows association with gender (P <0.001), in which female donors (78%) demonstrated a high anti-B titer. From 311 donors, 209 also showed the presence of IgG types of ABO antibodies. Of these, 124 (60%) donors have high anti-A and/or anti-B IgG titer (≥64). Our population showed a low prevalence of hemolysins which was 3.5%. No association was seen between hemolysins and antibody titers. Conclusion: Our study showed high prevalence of blood donors with high ABO antibodies titer and IgG titers, but low prevalence of hemolysins. Hence, the risk of intravascular hemolysis may not be significant. However, we still suggest antibody titration in younger female donors less than 40 years to prevent transfusion of high titer O blood product into the non-O recipient and to ensure safe blood products are given to the patient.
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