Publication: Microwave irradiated palm kernel shell based activated carbon for adsorption of chloramphenicol and methylene blue dye
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Date
2024-08-01
Authors
Farihah, Luqman
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Abstract
The discharge of wastewater containing pollutants such as chloramphenicol (CAP) and methylene blue (MB) dye into the environment poses health risks to both aquatic life and humans. Hence, palm kernel shell based activated carbon (PKSAC) has been produced via a microwave irradiation technique combined with carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification and potassium hydroxide (KOH) chemical treatment. The optimum preparation parameters of PKSAC for adsorbing CAP and MB from aqueous solution were obtained at respective radiation power, radiation time, and impregnation ratio of 616 W, 4 minutes, and 0.98 g/g. These conditions led to 24.31 mg/g CAP removal, 227.46 mg/g MB removal and 36.49 % of PKSAC’s yield. In the adsorption equilibrium investigation of the PKSAC-CAP system, as the initial concentration of CAP increased from 5 to 30 mg/L, the adsorption capacity increased from 4.22 to 20.82 mg/g. In the PKSAC-MB system, as the initial MB concentration increased from 25 to 300 mg/L, the adsorption capacity increased from 21.28 to 216.43 mg/g. The isotherm study revealed that both adsorption of CAP and MB on optimized PKSAC at 30℃ followed the Langmuir model, with a Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) of 30.55 mg/g and 465.42 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model best explained CAP and MB adsorption onto PKSAC. The sorption process for CAP and MB removal were endothermic while the reaction mechanism follows the physisorption process.