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Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters

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dc.contributor.authorGanesan, Shangeetha
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-12T04:24:21Z
dc.date.available2023-10-12T04:24:21Z
dc.date.issued0008-12
dc.description.abstractPresent work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters. Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids.
dc.identifier.urihttps://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/17664
dc.subjectAgro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oil
dc.subjectHigh Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters
dc.titleAgro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters
dc.typeResource Types::text::thesis::doctoral thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Malaysia
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