Publication: Dietary diversity assessment of food menus offered in school canteen from urban and rural primary schools in Kelantan
| dc.contributor.author | Riduan, Nur Alya Nasuha Mohd | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-08-11T04:04:10Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-08-11T04:04:10Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Dietary diversity is a critical determinant of nutritional adequacy and child development. School canteens play a central role in shaping dietary habits, yet many menus remain limited in variety. This study aimed to assess the dietary diversity score (DDS) of breakfast menus offered in primary school canteens across urban and rural districts in Kelantan, Malaysia. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving six schools (three urban, three rural). All menus that sold in school canteen were observed over five consecutive days, and DDS was calculated based on the presence of eight food groups: carbohydrates, proteins, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fats and oils, sugar and sweets, and legumes. Findings revealed that urban schools generally achieved higher DDS compared to rural schools, which relied heavily on carbohydrate-rich meals with limited inclusion of fruits and dairy products. Overall, most menus fell within the moderate diversity category, indicating insufficient representation of nutrient-dense food groups. These results highlight disparities in menu quality between urban and rural schools and underscore the need for improved dietary planning In conclusion, the study demonstrates that school canteen menus in Kelantan lack adequate diversity, potentially contributing to nutritional inadequacies among school-aged children. Strengthening nutrition policies, diversifying menus, and promoting nutrition education are recommended to enhance the quality of school food environments and support children’s growth, learning, and long-term health. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/24822 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | Dietary | |
| dc.title | Dietary diversity assessment of food menus offered in school canteen from urban and rural primary schools in Kelantan | |
| dc.type | Resource Types::text::thesis::bachelor thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oairecerif.author.affiliation | Universiti Sains Malaysia |