Publication: Evaluation Of Management, Treatment Outcomes, And In-Depth Analysis Of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients In Punjab And Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Date
2025-05
Authors
Said, Muhammad Soaib
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Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (dr-tb), particularly multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tb, presents a significant public health challenge, especially in high-burden countries like pakistan. Managing pediatric dr- tb is complex, requiring a thorough understanding of treatment outcomes, drug resistance patterns, adverse drug reactions (adrs), and sputum culture conversion. This study aimed to assess risk factors associated with second-line drug (sld) resistance in pediatric dr-tb patients, evaluate treatment outcomes and unsuccessful treatment predictors, and analyze adr incidence and impact. Additionally, the study examined the rate and predictors of sputum culture conversion in mdr-tb patients. Conducted in two phases, the retrospective phase (2015–2021) analyzed data from programmatic management of drug-resistant tb (pmdt) sites, identifying key socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Among 491 dr-tb patients, 52.5% were female, 60.5% were aged 5–14 years, and 51.9% resided in urban areas. Notably, 90.4% were underweight, and 99.4% were hiv-negative. Retreatment cases comprised 74.3%, and 70.3% had mdr-tb, with pulmonary involvement in 95.1%. Laboratory findings indicated high resistance to first-line drugs, including isoniazid (68.4%), rifampicin (61.7%, p=0.026), pyrazinamide (76.2%), and ethambutol (84.1%).
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Keywords
Evaluation Management , Treatment Outcomes , In-Depth Analysis