Publication: A study of ultrastructure, chemical bond profiling, and mechanical properties of nanozirconia and nanodiamond filled novel resin cement
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Date
2026-01
Authors
Hulikatti, Aaqil Arshad
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Abstract
This study was to evaluate and compare mechanical properties of dual-cure resin cement (DCRC) modified with nanozirconia (NZ) and nanodiamond (ND) particles against commercial unmodified cement and perform chemical analysis using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Idea was to capitalize excellent mechanical properties of nanozirconia and nanodiamond to obtain improved DCRC as nanofiller are known to improve properties of luting cements (Anasthasia Beketova et al, 2023). Three groups were made, group 1: commercially available DCRC, group 2: 10 vol% NZ modified DCRC, group 3: 10 vol% ND modified DCRC. Total 90 samples were prepared, 10 samples for each group. Graduated cylinder tube used to measure volume of nanoparticles. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate was the coupling agent used. The samples were prepared according to ISO standards and polished before testing microhardness (MH), compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS). For SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis, samples were crushed in mortar using pestle and made fine powder. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results of One-Way ANOVA test showed values from high to low for microhardness: group 2 (62.59 ± 4.09 VHN), group 3 (57.80 ± 2.55 VHN), group 1 (39.36 ± 0.97 VHN), compressive strength: group 2 (132.18 ± 27.93 MPa), group 3 (126.21 ± 12.54 MPa) and group 1 (121.12 ± 19.35 MPa) and flexural strength: group 2 (72.5±10.4MPa),
group 3 (71.06±6.3MPa) and group 1 (66.92±5.27MPa). There was minor enhancement with CS and FS of group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1. Significant improvement was noted with MH of group 2, followed by group 3 and group 1. Also group 2 performed better than group 3. SEM-EDX finding presents varying shapes of nanoparticles distributed evenly in modified resin cements and in FTIR, molecules were seen distributed evenly with varying bond strength among molecules ranging from medium to strong. Within limitations of this study, there was significant improvement seen in microhardness of resin cement modified with zirconia and diamond nanoparticles. Similarly, noticeable improvement was seen in compressive strength and flexural strength of both modified groups. Overall nanozirconia modified resin cement showed better results than nanodiamond modified resin cement. These findings encourage further investigation in better understanding these materials to develop more improvised luting cement.