Publication: Ultra-processed food consumption and its relationship with mental health status among undergraduate students in health campus Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Date
2026-06
Authors
Rakbi, Nik Nurina Azzah
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Abstract
Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased among university students due to its convenience, affordability, and accessibility. At the same time, mental health issues such as depression, anxiety and stress have become more common in young adults. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the association between UPF consumption and mental health status among undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Health Campus. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 undergraduate students aged 19-27 years. Data were obtained through a socio-demographic questionnaire, a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS-21). Nutritionist Pro software was used to analyse nutrient intake from UPFs, and mental health status was assessed based on DASS-21 scores. Spearman's correlation test was used to determine the relationship between UPF consumption and mental health status. The median (IQR) total energy intake from UPFs was 732.72 kcal (Q1 = 480.40 kcal, Q3 = 991.91 kcal). Most respondents had normal levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Significant positive correlations were observed between depression scores and carbohydrate intake (r=0.174, p=0.043) and fibre intake (r=0.282, p < 0.001) from UPFs. Anxiety scores were positively correlated with energy intake (r=0.266, p=0.002), carbohydrate intake (r=0.285, p<0.001), protein intake (r=0.231, p=0.007), fat intake (r=0.241, p=0.005), saturated fat intake (r=0.175, p=0.043), dietary fibre intake (r=0.249, p=0.004), and iron intake (r=0.185, p=0.032) from UPFs. In addition, fibre intake from UPFs was significantly associated with stress scores (r=0.239, p=0.005). However, all significant correlations were weak in strength. These findings demonstrate the need to encourage healthier eating habits and awareness of the potential impact of UPF consumption on the mental health of university students.
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