Publication: Tribological characterization of filtered tire pyrolysis oil-biodiesel-diesel blended fuel with nanoparticles by using rsm optimization method for fuel efficiency
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Date
2023-03-01
Authors
Loo Dong Lin
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Abstract
The lubricity of fuel is one of the important properties since it is the only lubricant in an engine injection system. The demand for vehicles is increasing every year worldwide and could cause an increase in solid waste due to the end of life’s vehicles. Because of the solid waste problem and rapid fossil fuel depletion, waste tire pyrolysis has gained more attention as an alternative fuel. The experimental study was conducted to investigate the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter of various blend ratios of tire pyrolysis oil biodiesel-diesel blend and to study the different types of nanoparticles additive on the lubricating properties of the optimal blend ratio of blended fuel. Moreover, optimum parameters for optimal blend ratio of tire pyrolysis oil-biodiesel-diesel blend fuel in terms of rotating speed, load, and concentration of nanoparticles by achieving low friction coefficient, wear scar diameter, and smooth surface roughness using the response surface methodology optimization were determined. The tribological study was conducted with a four-ball tribometer with 1200 RPM of speed, 40 kg of load, 75 °C of temperature, and 600s duration on ASTM D4126 standard. The tribological performance of various types of nanoparticles in PB20FTPO10 was conducted with the same condition with different concentrations. Furthermore, the optimization of tribological experiment study was conducted with 1000-1400 RPM speed, 20-60 kg load, and 0-0.2 wt% concentration of nanoparticles for 600s duration with designed 17 runs of experiments. The findings indicate that among the blended fuels, PB20FTPO10 had the lowest coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter. But, in comparison to PB20, the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter were higher by 7.28 % and 46.63 %, respectively. The kinematic viscosity and density properties of PB20FTPO10 and PB20 are comparable. The Al2O3-0.1 shows the highest reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter, which were reduced by 2.83 % and 22.09 %, respectively. MgO-0.2 provides the smoothest surface roughness, which is reduced by 36.9 %. For the magnesium oxide (MgO) nano-fuel model, the optimum speed, load, and concentration values were 1000 RPM, 26.99 kg, and 0.0531 wt%; for the graphene nano-fuel model, the optimum speed, load, and concentration values were 1161.73 RPM, 21.83 kg, and 0.105 wt%; for the aluminium oxide nano-fuel model, the optimum speed, load, and concentration values were 1109.3 RPM, 30.37 kg, and 0.0107 wt%. By considering tribological performance and cost, the optimized aluminium oxide nano-fuel shows the optimum tribological performance with the least concentration, cost, high load, and low speed compared to magnesium oxide and graphene nano-fuel.