Publication: Red Blood Cell Alloantibody Development Among Multi-transfused Patients In A Single Tertiary Centre
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Date
2023-11
Authors
Ismail, Hannah
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to determine the prevalence, frequency, and specificity of RBC alloantibody and to evaluate the factors associated with its development among multi transfused patients in a single tertiary hospital.
BACKGROUND
Red blood cell (RBC) alloantibody development is one of the significant complications of blood transfusion, especially among multi-transfused patients. The risk depends on the frequency of exposure to the foreign RBC antigen, the antigen's immunogenicity, as well as the recipient's gender, age, underlying therapy or disease, and geographic ancestry.
MATERIALS & METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study involving retrospective data collection from 348 multi transfused patients who underwent pre-transfusion or immunohaematology testing from 1st January 2020 until 31st December 2021. Demographics and clinical characteristics were analysed using descriptive and multiple logistic analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of RBC alloantibody among 5,675 multi-transfused patients was 16.3%. Of the 348 multi-transfused patients studied, RBC alloantibodies were detected in 155 (44.5%) patients. Anti-E was the most common single alloantibody (39.6%), followed by anti-Mia (26.2%), as well as anti-M and anti-Lea (6.3% each). Multi-transfused patients with chronic kidney disease (p<0.001) and thalassaemia (p=0.032) were associated with a significantly higher risk for RBC alloantibody development.
CONCLUSION
Given the high prevalence of RBC alloantibody among multi-transfused patients, the provision of extended RBC antigen matched blood among these group of patients is essential to reduce the risk of transfusion induced alloimmunisation and subsequently haemolytic transfusion reaction or delayed serologic transfusion reaction.
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Keywords
Alloimmunisation , alloantibody , red cell antigen , multi-transfused , transfusion , Hannah Binti Ismail