Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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The Outcome Of A Calculated Radioiodine Dose Based On Pertechnetate Study In Treatment For Hyperthyroidism
(2018)
Fong, Lee Yeong
Introduction: Apart from surgery and anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine has been a mainstay of treatment for hyperthyroidism. There a re two widely used methods for dose administration including empirical fixed dose and calculated dose. A recent meta-ana lysis supported that dose calcula tion is better than empirical fixed dose method. However, dose calculation by dosimetry or radioactive iodine thyroid uptake ratio at 24 .hours can be tedious and may pose certain disadvantages to the patients and the provider. Pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is a simple nuclear imaging that can be completed on the same day and pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio, which is determined from the scintigraphy, can be used to calculate the dose for radioactive iodine. Objective: The aim is to optimise treatment efficacy and effective ly treat hyperthyroid patients with a single radioactive iodine dose and this study is done to measure the efficacy of a calculated dose based on pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio. Methods: Hyperthyroidism patients referred for first radioactive iodi ne therapy were recruited as participants. Pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy was done and pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio was determined and used for dose calculation. Followup was done and the outcome of the treatment was determined at three months and s ix months. Clinical data was a nalysed using IBM SPSS software. Results: A total of 95 participants with the mean age of 46.0 years were recruited and the majority consisted of Malay (71.6%) female (76.8%). Graves' disease was the most common type of hyperthyroidism (67.4%) fo llowed by multinodular goitre (30.5%). Among the participants, 52.6% had grade 2 goitre and 91.6% were pre-treated with carbimazole. The median pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio was 18.0% and the median radioactive iodine dose administered was 22.0mCi. The pertechnetate thyroid uptake ratio and radioactive iodine dose were significantly different based on goitre size (p<0.001) and correlated with thyroid function test (p<0.001). Six months after treatment, 82.1% achieved euthyroid or hypothyroid. Participants with multinodular goitre had higher failure rate than those with Graves' disease (p=0.032). Seventy-five participants had a reduction in goitre size within six months and five participants had transient hypothyroidism before relapsed at six months after treatment. Conclusion: This calculated dose regime showed fairly good outcome with cure rate of 74.7% at three months and 82.1% at six months post treatment. Patients with MNG were more likely to relapse compared to Graves' disease.
Effects Of Paddy Waste Products In Prostate Disease Using In Vitro And In Vivo Models
(2018-06)
Murtey, Mogana Das
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is common in elderly men and prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among men. Previously, paddy waste (both husk and straw) reportedly have chemopreventive potential. The main aim of this study was to explore the chemopreventive property of paddy waste against prostate disease. This study determines the inhibitory and anti-proliferative activity of the paddy waste product in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line, DU145 and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) respectively; the effects of paddy waste products on proliferation and apoptosis related genes and protein expression in DU145; the effect of aqueous methanol extracts on histology, PCNA and androgen receptor expressions in SHR.There were two types solvent used for paddy husk and straw extracts in this study; water and aqueous methanol. Cell culture experiments revealed that the aqueous methanol extracts have better inhibitory effect than water extracts on DU145 without toxicity. Apoptosis analysis revealed that aqueous methanol extracts exhibit apoptosis inducing effect on DU145 and this claim was supported with DNA analysis (presence of bands which indicate DNA degradation) and microscopy analysis (cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies). Western blot analysis reveals that apoptosis induced through caspase 3-mediated intrinsic pathway. Two pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bad expressed higher (p<0.05) and anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 downregulated (p<0.01) after treatment. This leads to increase (p
Development And Evaluation Of Multiplex Real-time PCR For Porcine DNA Detection In Processed Food
(2018-09)
LEE, TAN LEE
Meat processing is a method of enhancing the flavour or preserving the meat but now it was misused by food manufacturers, whereby the expensive meats in the processed food are substituted with cheaper or inferior meats for their economic gain. Complex composition of processed food today has made the species determination a more difficult task. A simple and practical procedure for identification of meat species origin in processed meat products was developed, whereby a SYBR Greenbased duplex real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) approach coupled with a rapid DNA extraction method was developed to detect Sus scrofa DNA in processed food. The qPCR targeted LINE-1, a repetitive element sequence exclusively found in pig genome, together with an internal control based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene.The assay was validated for 1) specificity, 2) sensitivity and 3) robustness on processed meat products. Results showed that assay was highly specific when evaluated against a panel of commonly consumed species. The developed assay is capable of capturing the DNA of0.001% (w/w) adulterated pork meat in just one and a half hour. A total of 121 commercial meat products were tested. No pork adulteration was detected in all the halal-labelled samples. Similar results were obtained using both developed method and kit. The assay would be particularly useful as an alternative for pork control test in food industry.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Of Acanthus Ilicifolius-silver Nanoparticles Against Selected Bacteria
(2018)
Mohamad, Noor Muzamil
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained attention due to their wide application in various area such as medical, food industry and material sciences. Among medical uses of this nanoparticles is as antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria. AgNPs produced by green biosynthesis approach using plant extracts as reducing agent is less harmful and economical in comparison with physical and chemical methods. In this study, plant material was collected and identified as Acanthus ilicifolius Wallich, N and was being used to prepare the plant aqueous extract which later being used to synthesis AgNPs. Ratio of 1: I 0 mixtures of I 00 mg/mL of aqueous extract and 5 mM of si lver nitrate was incubated for 24 hours at 40 °C with 150 rpm in incubator shaker.The formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored by colour changes and was characterised by UV-Vis spectrometry fo llowed by zeta (potential) sizer analyses. The UV-Vis spectrum of AgNPs showed maximal absorption at 440 while zeta (potential) sizer analyses revealed the average size of synthesized AgNPs was 94 nm with zeta potential value of -4.08 mV which the AgNPs quite unstable. Antibacterial activities of synthesised A. ilicifolius-AgNPs by well diffusion method on S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa showed an inhibition zone (in millimeter, mm) of 16, 15, 14 and 20 respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this si lver nanoparticles accessed by MTT assay was lower than 0.0781 25 mM on all tested bacteria. Therefore, it is concluded that A. ilicifolius aqueous extract has potential in producing AgNPs by green synthesis approach and may be used as antibacteria l agent against parti cularly on S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa
Effect Of Salivary pH On Coating Durability Of Two Different Aesthetic Archwires Coatings
(2018)
Abdulkader, Youssef Chikh
Coated orthodontic archwires have demonstrated partial or full coating loss as early as 21 days of intraoral use. It is suggested that an interaction between the coated archwires and the oral factors such as salivary pH has caused this phenomenon to occur. This study evaluated the effect of pH on the durability of two different aesthetic archwire coatings and observed the surface topography of the coatings. Nickel titanium (NiTi) archwires of 0.0 18" in diameter, readi ly coated with epoxy resin and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were sectioned into 20 mm segments. All specimens (N = I 02) were divided into six groups; four groups treated with two different pH and two control groups. The pH of artific ial saliva was adjusted to 6.75 and 3.5 using sodium hydrox ide (NaOH) and lactic acid, respectively. Each specimen was immersed in individual test tubes containing 10 ml of modified solution which were sealed and stored in a 37°C water bath for 28 days.After the time elapsed, the specimens were removed and subjected to mechanical stress using an electronic toothbrush for 2 10 seconds. Images were photographed us ing digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera and coating loss measurement was done using Autodesk® AutoCAD® software. Surface topography of the specimens from each group was evaluated using scann ing electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis showed significant (p < 0.001) coating loss was found in epoxy res in groups regardless of their pH value, than that of PTFE groups. SEM revealed rupture, roughness and loss of coating at mult iple locations on the coating s urface.

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