Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis
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- PublicationExploring The Use Of Mspe As Extraction Method For Analysis Of Urinary Dap Metabolities Using Lc-ms(2023-09)Amir Shah Ruddin, Nurul IffahOrganophosphate (OP) pesticides have been widely used in agricultural sector. Past studies had shown that urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites can be reduced through organic diet intervention. Our study was focusing on developing an analytical method to analyse DAP metabolites in investigating the effect of organic diet intervention on OP pesticide exposure in rural and urban population. Our objectives were to validate the current existing method using liquid chromatography and massspectrometry (LC-MS) with solid phase extraction (SPE) extraction in analysing DAP metabolites in urine and to explore magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) as an extraction method for DAP metabolites analyses in urine. Analyses of DAP metabolites were performed using LC-MS with an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18, 3.0 x 150 mm, 2.7 µm column. Due to time and sample limitation, we chose to analyse only diethyl thiophosphate (DETP) in urine sample because of its better yield compared to others. Calibration curve was constructed by spiking the urine sample at different concentration in the beginning of sample preparation for both SPE and MSPE methods. From our study, it was found out that MSPE method produced a better result compared to SPE method. The linearity of MSPE method was R2 = 0.9818 while SPE method produced R2 = 0.9789. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of DETP through MSPE method were 0.51 and 1.54 part per million (ppm) respectively while SPE method recorded LOD of 0.86 ppm and LOQ of 2.62 ppm. Optimization of extraction time in MSPE method showed that 5 minutes was the best extraction time. This experiment was partially validated due to time constraint and more research is needed to optimize and validate it. The use of MSPE, which is simpler and faster in sample preparation step can be a steppingstone for future research in analysing DAP metabolites in urine.
- PublicationMechanistic Evaluation Of Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells In Mutine Models Of Alsoholic And Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(2025-03)Jiang, YanFatty liver disease (fld), encompassing alcoholic liver disease (ald) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), is a major chronic liver condition. Ald is among the top 30 causes of death globally, while nafld prevalence has risen to 38%. Both conditions can progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, or ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), current available treatment drugs have many side effects. Human endometrial or menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (menscs) offer significant advantages over other mesenchymal stem cells (msc) sources due to their non-invasive collection, ethical accessibility, higher yield, and rapid proliferation rates, thus making them a promising therapeutic option. However, the specific applications and mechanisms of menscs in treating ald and nafld are still under investigation. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of menscs on ald and nafld in mice. Menscs were initially administered to mouse models of ald induced by alcohol and nafld induced by a high-fat diet to assess their protective effects. The evaluation utilized a comprehensive array of biochemical markers, histological analyses, rna sequencing, and gene and protein analyses to elucidate the roles menscs in ameliorating ald and nafld.
- PublicationCharacteristics Of Intravenous Immunoglobin Demand In Adult And Paediatric Patients In Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia(2023-11)Wan Naim, Wan Ahmad AshrafIntroduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a plasma-derived medicinal product (PDMP) used to treat various immune and non-immunological diseases. The characteristics and indications for IVIG demand among patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were the main focus of this study. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 218 patients who were prescribed IVIG in Hospital USM. Data were obtained from the list of requests for IVIG filed within the Department of Pharmacy and the patients’ case notes were reviewed. T test analysis and Chi-squared test were employed for statistical analysis and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 218 patients were prescribed IVIG in Hospital USM from January 2019 until December 2020 of which 111 (50.9%) were males and 107 (49.1%) were females. The median age was 7 years old (IQR 0.00–45.25). The most common labelled IVIG indication was immune thrombocytopenia in 15 (32.6%) patients, whereas IVIG was given commonly as off-label in neonatal jaundice in 52 (30.2%) patients. In the adult cohort, IVIG was commonly given for myasthenia gravis, 26 (42.6%) patients, while the paediatric cohort received IVIG commonly for neonatal jaundice, 52 (46.8%) patients. There were significant differences between labelled and off-label IVIG usage (p = 0.039) and its frequency (p <0.001) in adult and paediatric populations. Race (p = 0.011) and clinical category in adults (p = 0.002) had significant correlations with the status of IVIG usage. Conclusion: There were significant differences between labelled and off-label usage of IVIG among all Hospital USM patients. A local guideline for IVIG usage should be developed to help clinicians in giving appropriate IVIG prescriptions.
- PublicationIdentification And Validation Of Hub Genes Involved In Atp-Induced Cell Death In The Pathogenesis Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(2025-02)Zhang, HaolongExtracellular adenosine triphosphate (eatp) plays a critical role in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) as a key regulator of cell death processes. The p2x7 receptor, found on intestinal epithelial cells, is frequently implicated in cell death mechanisms involving eatp. However, the specific mechanisms of eatp-induced cell death and their connection to ibd remain unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to integrate data collection, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental validation to identify and confirm hub genes involved in eatp-induced cell death in the context of ibd. This approach combines computational and laboratory methods to produce reliable and high-confidence results. Not only does this approach enhance understanding of the molecular pathways involved in atp-induced cell death, but it also offers potential therapeutic targets for managing ibd. The experiment begins with data collection, focusing on acquiring relevant datasets and gene sets from public databases and scientific literature. For transcriptomic data, keywords such as "ibd" and "transcriptome" were used to search the geo database (gene expression omnibus, specify abbreviation).
- PublicationTherapeutic Effects Of Human Pericardial Fluid Cells In Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure Rat Model Via Intrapericardial Injection(2025-03)Xu, YapingHeart failure (hf) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cell therapy has emerged as an alternative strategy for treating hf. This study aimed to isolate and characterize human pericardial fluid-derived cells (hpfcs) and investigate the cell engraftment, therapeutic effects, and mechanisms of action after intrapericardially administered into a doxorubicin-induced hf rat model. Hpfcs were isolated from the pericardial fluid of five hf patients who underwent heart transplantation and cultured. The cultured hpfcs showed the expression of stem cell markers nanog+/sca-1+ (94.0% ± 1.8%), c-kit+/nanog+ (30% ± 4.0%), c-kit+/sca-1+ (16.6% ± 4.4%), and cd90+/cd105+ (76.8% ± 15.5%) at passage 3. Additionally, hemopoietic markers cd45+cd90+ (35.1% ± 19.7%) and cd34+cd73+ (13.9% ± 6.9%) were also expressed. These hpfcs were also able to differentiate into adipocytes (70.6% ± 1.2%), osteoblasts (29.3% ± 3.3%), and cardiomyocytes (81% ± 1.6%) in vitro. Doxorubicin (dox) was used to induce hf in rats for 6 weeks (2.0 mg/ml). Hf characteristics were confirmed at week 4 by examining the changes in cardiac function, fibrosis, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors prior to administering hpfcs (2.5 × 105 cells/heart) intrapericardially at passage 2. The same parameters were re-assessed for changes after 1 and 4 weeks of cell administration