Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis
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- PublicationThe Role Of Vacuole Membrane Protein-1 In Neural Calcium Homeostasis And Synaptic Plasticity(2024-08)Wang, MengmengDisruption of the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) dynamics is previously known to affect synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. To date, the effects of vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) on neuronal intracellular calcium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function remain unexplored. This study aimed to examine the effects of VMP1 on neuronal calcium regulation in vitro and in vivo, and its relationship with synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in vivo. VMP1 expression was knocked down in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the effects on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and calcium channels were assessed using western blot. The in vivo gain-and-loss function of hippocampal VMP1 was achieved in C57/BL6 mice using the adeno-associated virus. The effects of VMP1 overexpression and downregulation on calcium channels, animal cognitive functions, long-term potentiation (LTP), neuron dendritic spine density, and synaptic-related proteins were evaluated. In vitro study showed that VMP1 knockdown reduced SOCE (p<0.0001), transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC1), and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1) in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (n=4, P<0.01). Hippocampal VMP1 knockdown in mice led to decreased TRPC1 expression (n=4, P<0.01).
- PublicationEvaluation Of Pre-Storage Leucoreduction Effect On Pro And Anti-Tumour Cytokines In Whole Blood During Storage(2024-08)Saman, SrlyThe presence of white blood cells (WBCs) and cytokines in whole blood (WB) during storage may have effect on cancer patients requiring blood transfusions. This study aims to determine the residual of WBCs in WB following leucoreduction and changes in cytokine levels which occur during storage of WB. A total of 31 donors were recruited in this study. Three hundred fifty millilitre of whole blood (WB) was withdrawn from each donor. Half of the blood volume (175 mL) were leucoreduced (LR), while the other half (175 mL) were not leucoreduced and used as a control. Full blood count (FBC) was done using Sysmex KX-21, Japan and residual WBCs subsets were measured using FACSCanto™ II Beckton Dickinson, USA. Cytokines levels from plasma non LR and LR bags on day 0, 10, 20, and 30 days was measured by ELISA method. T-helper (Th) lymphocyte subgroups and gene expression were analysed in the non-LR samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean of all FBC parameters and residual WBCs subsets between these two groups (p < 0.05). Levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were not detected in both bags during storage. There was a significant difference in TGF-β and IFN-γ between non-LR and LR on day 0 to day 10. TGF-β level showed an increase up to day 30. T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 gene expression were detected in non-LR samples. Leucoreduction demonstrated a significant effect on blood parameters, cytokine levels, and gene expression, emphasizing its importance in WB storage.
- PublicationStudy On The Effects Of Catharanthus Roseus-silver Nanoparticles On Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line Hepg2(2024-09)Azhar, Nur AsnaCancer is a major global health challenge that continues to increase worldwide, posing a significant obstacle to achieving long life expectancy. Conventional chemotherapy drugs may not be specific enough, leading to significant side effects and harm to healthy cells. Therefore, alternative cancer therapies are crucial, and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) presents a novel approach to cancer treatment due to their unique features. Utilising plants for the biosynthesis of AgNPs offers several advantages over other methods. Numerous studies had reported that plant mediated AgNPs synthesis have been found to exhibit potent anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Thus, the antiproliferative effects and selective index (SI) of Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles (C. roseus-AgNPs) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were determined by using normal liver cell line (THLE-3) as a control. C. roseus-AgNPs was more potent than C. roseus-aqueous extract in inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells while exhibiting less inhibition towards THLE-3 cells. C. roseus-AgNPs demonstrated selective toxicity towards HepG2 cells with a high SI value (>2) compared to camptothecin. For both C. roseus-AgNPs and C. roseus-aqueous extract treatments, several apoptotic features were detected when observed using IncuCyte live-cell analysis system, including cell shrinkage, rounded cells, and retracted. The underlying mechanisms associated with the inhibitory effects in the treated cells were further explored.
- PublicationSynthesis And Characterisation Of Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles For Enhancement Of Agglutination Reaction In Antibody Screening Test(2024-08)Ishak, NordiyanaRed blood cell (RBC) antigen-antibody agglutination is a crucial reaction in antibody screening tests (AST) to identify the presence of unexpected clinically significant antibodies in the plasma recipient. However, with the current method using low-ionic strength solution (LISS) as an enhancement medium for detecting antibody in AST, several drawbacks such as the missing detection of some clinically significant antibodies, and thus, can cause an adverse transfusion reaction. Hence, a new solution using polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 4000 (PEG4000) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was synthesised to produce a better RBC antigen-antibody agglutination enhancement capacity in AST. The synthesised PEG-AuNPs solution was characterised for optical properties by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), morphological characterisation by Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), particle size and zeta potential analysis by Dynamic Light Scattered (DLS), and structural and composition of bonding material by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Then, the RBC agglutination scoring using tube method was compared between the synthesised solution with standard LISS in AST using 120 samples consisted of 60 negative and 60 positive samples of antibody. The final colour of the solution changed to ruby red indicating the successful formation of PEG-coated with AuNPs.
- PublicationThe Influence Of Tpack Model And Collaborative Learning Towards Bisha City Secondary Schools’ Teacher Teaching Quality On The Use Of Mobile Learning Professional Development(2024-05)Alaklubi, Mohammed Theeb AThe research aims to identify the influence of the content, pedagogical, technological knowledge (TPACK), and collaborative learning on teaching quality in the application of m-learning for the professional development of Saudi secondary school teachers. In this study, the quantitative method was used, and the respondents consisted of 282 teachers from Saudi secondary schools in Bisha City. Hence, the research findings aim to contribute to the work of policymakers, teachers, practitioners, and future researchers on improving the quality of teaching. The data collection, the researcher, constructed an online survey in Google Forms in Google Drive. The method involved using simple random sampling techniques to select respondents to the quantitative approach to produce statistical data. To analyze the data, the researcher applied the SPSS version 26 methodology to examine the relationship between variables using Pearson's correlation, in addition to analyzing quantitative data using descriptive analysis based on mean, frequencies, and percentages. The results of this study reported that teachers in Saudi Arabia do have positive perceptions toward the influence of content, technological and pedagogical knowledge, and collaborative learning in teaching quality for the use of m-learning for PD in Bisha City secondary schools.