Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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    Evaluation Of The Accuracy Of 2d Detector Array System For Patient-Specific Quality Assurance (Psqa) In Advanced Radiotherapy
    (2025-08)
    Chuah, Kai Wei
    Advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as volumetric-modulated radiotherapy (VMAT), deliver a highly conformal dose to the tumour target while minimising the dose to organs at risk (OAR). Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) plays a critical role in verifying the accuracy of the treatment plan delivery. However, the complexity of highly conformal plans can result in lower gamma passing rates and higher dosimetric error, particularly for smaller volume of OAR. This study evaluated the accuracy of the 2-dimensional (2D) detector array, PTW Octavius 1500 in PSQA for advanced radiotherapy by comparing its results with the absolute dose measurements and log data.
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    Exploring Deep Eutectic Solvents As Potential Solvent For The Extraction Of Food Additive Allura Red In Food Technology Application
    (2023-09)
    Elangovan, Thanussha
    In recent years, synthetic food dyes have gained significant popularity as additives, replacing natural dyes, with azo dyes comprising approximately 65% of the commercial dye market. However, concerns regarding the· toxic effects of azo dyes used in food colouring have prompted the development of advanced analytical methods to detect them in various food matrices. These methods typically involve intricate pre-concentration processes, time-consuming steps, and the use of expensive instruments, emphasizing the need for highly sensitive and selective approaches. Hence, this study aims to explore the application of deep eutectic solvent (DES) as potential solvent for the extraction of Allura Red AC (ARAC). Firstly, the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles functionalised with deep eutectic solvents (silicone surfactant:dodecanoic acid) (SS:DoAc@Fe304) adsorbent was successfully characterized using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for the identification of functional bonds. This adsorbent was subsequently applied in magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technique for the extraction of ARAC in soft drink samples. In contrast to pure Fe304 particles, the target ARAC can be easily adsorbed onto the SS:DoAc@Fe304 surface due to the formation of strong hydrophobic interaction between the ARAC and the adsorbents thus amplifying the extraction efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, R2 value obtained was 0.999 while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.1 mgL·1 and 0.4 mgL·I, respectively. The relative recovery values obtained were in the range of 80 to 111% for the studied ARAC. In a nutshell, it can be implied that the newly proposed SS:DoAc@Fe304 based MSPE technique for the extraction of ARAC in drink samples is environmentally friendly, simple, affordable, and effective.
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    Development Of Improved Measurement Algorithm For Accurate Ct Dose Estimation In Truncated Images
    (2025-09)
    Alhaji, Barde Mustapha
    Computed tomography (CT) imaging contributes almost 50-60% of total radiation dose received from medical exposure, leading to growing concern among medical professional on CT radiation doses, driving improvements in radiation protection and CT practice optimisation. Size-specific dose estimation (SSDE) was introduced to provide a more accurate assessment of radiation dose, which consider patient variability. However, factors like truncation from large body sizes and poor positioning can hinder accurate SSDE estimation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of truncation on SSDE calculation and develop an improved automated algorithm to correct the truncation effect for more accurate size-specific dose estimation.
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    The Efficacy Of Mechanical Rotary, Chemical Solvent Andlaser-Activated Irrigation To Remove Intracanal Obturation Material With Various Type Of Sealer In Retreatment Endodontic
    (2025-08)
    Fahad Y., Alshammari Ahad
    This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different retreatment protocols in eliminating root canal filling materials (RCFM) from extracted human premolars and to assess the influence of sealer type on removal performance.
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    Analysis Of The Effects Of Microrna-130a Suppression On The Proliferation And Characteristics Of Cancer Stem Cells In The Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
    (2025-05)
    Yiadom, Osei George
    Colorectal cancer (crc) is a significant global health burden. Growing evidence highlights the role of cancer stem cells (cscs) in mediating treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as crucial regulators in cancer biology, with mir-130a demonstrating a multifaceted impact. This study therefore explores the expression and functional significance of mir-130a-3p (herein referred to as mir-130a) within crc, with a particular emphasis on its potential association with cscs. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) analysis revealed significantly higher mir-130a levels in crc cell lines (ht-29, hct 116, and caco-2) compared to normal colon epithelial cells (ncm460). This finding was corroborated by the cancer genome atlas (tcga) data, showing mir-130a overexpression in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma tissues compared to healthy controls. Tcga data analysis also indicated weak inverse correlations between mir-130a expression and established stemness markers (epcam, bmi1, cd44, and prom1), suggesting a possible suppressive effect of mir-130a on cscs. To determine mir-130a's functional role, its expression was suppressed in ht-29 cells using lenticrisprv2 plasmids.