Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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Knowledge And Attitude Towards Blood Donation Among Non Blood Donor Residents Of Kuala Terengganu At Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu
(2018)
Mat Noh, Sarah
Background: Increment in blood utilisation and reduction in blood collection leading to blood supply shortage has been a worldwide problem including Malaysia. It was noted that Terengganu recorded the lowest blood donation rate among all states in Malaysia from 2011 until 2015, and still lagging far behind other states in Malaysia in terms of blood donation rate. Objectives: To determine knowledge and attitude score towards blood donation and their associated factors among non-blood donor residents of Kuala Terengganu at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (HSNZ). Study design and method: This is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire involving systematically random sampling selection of 320 participants who are non-blood donor residents of Kuala Terengganu attending HSNZ. The questionnaire consists of 8 questions in knowledge section (total score of 8 marks) and 20 questions in attitude section (total score of 100 marks). Results: The mean knowledge score in this study was 5.19 (1.87) while the mean attitude score was 70. 79 (8.19). Majority of the participants have good knowledge and good attitude with percentages of 64.69% and 92.81 %, respectively. Female has a significantly lower level of knowledge as compared to male (p=0.02), while participants with college/university education have significantly higher knowledge than participants with low education level (p=0.037). Participants working in private sectors and selfemployed were found to have a significantly higher level of good knowledge compared to government employees (p=0.004 and p=0.013). As for the attitude section, participants with secondary school education has significantly higher attitude compared to those with low education level (p=O.O 12). Unemployed participants were found to have significantly lower attitude compared to government employees (p=0.017). No significant association was found between the knowledge and attitude level. The mostly reported barriers to blood donation were refused to give blood to other religion and race with 73.1 % and 67.8%, respectively. This study reported social media as the main source of information regarding blood donation ( 42.2% ). Conclusion: In general, the majority of the participants have good knowledge and attitude towards blood donation but there was no association found between knowledge and attitude. Even so, the practice of blood donation is still poor in this population with most of the participants refused to give their blood to other religion and race. Thus, Blood Transfusion Service should focus on encouraging non-donors to donate by involving the religious departments to help to correct the myths pertaining to blood donation, giving out pamphlets to non-donors during a mobile campaign or establishing young donors club focusing to students.
Analysis Of The Effects Of Microrna 130a Suprression On A549 Cell LINE
(2018)
Mohamad Safiai, Nabil Izzaatie
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control the biological processes of cells and are crucial 111 regulati on of proliferatio n, differenti ation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are also critical 111 regulation of various types of cancer and diseases such as in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B cell lymphoma, lung cancer and viral infections. In recent years, a lot of evidence arises demo nstrating that miRNA-130a, from the family of regulatory nonprotein coding miRNAs play important role in development and metastasis of lung cancer. However, there is still scarce knowledge about the effect of miR-l 30a suppress ion targeting at different miR- 130a gene regio ns in lung cancer cells. In this study, suppression of miR-l 30a at 3p, 5p and stem loop region was establi shed in the A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. Pro liferation and migration assays were performed to study the role of miR-l 30a in the growth and metastat ic ability of A549 cell line.Our result demonstrated that miR-1 30a-3p suppression significantly increased the growth of A549 cell line. Consistently, among different sites of miR-l 30a downregulation, only suppression at 3p showed significant increase in cell attachment and detachment assay and scratch wound healing assay. As a conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-1 30a- 3p may plays critical ro le in the development and metastasis of lung cancer. Hence, miRI 30a-3p might be a better target with huge potential for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and may serve as an important fu ndamental reference for future research espec ially for the treatment of lung cancer.
Effects Of Clinacanthus Nutans On Drug Resistant Cancer Cell Proliferation And Migration
(2018)
MD Arzali, Sitti Fatimah Az Zahra
Clinacanthus nutans is a renowned therapeutic plant in Asian countries. Recently is has gained research interest in the applications for treatment and prevention of cancer diseases. Therefore, the aim of this research will focus on effects of Clinacanthus Nutans extracts towards drug resistant HER2 overexpression (UACC 732) cancer cell proliferation and migration. Method: Clinathanus nu/ans leaves was purchased in powder form and extraction was done using aqueous and ethanol solvents. Effects of these extracts on drug resistant cancer proliferation assay was determined using MTT assay kit. Next, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (ICso) for both extracts were studied on drug resistant cancer cell migration. Result: Cytotoxic effects of ethanol Clinacanthus nutans extract on parent and resistant UACC 732 cells viability at various concentrations,respectively showed the ICso value for 24 hours treatment were 923.98 μg/mL and 837.98 μg/mL. Meanwhile, no cytotoxic effects shown in aqueous Clinacanthus nutans extract on parent and resistant UACC 732 cell s. The ce ll migration of Clinacanthus nutans extracts indicated an increase in cell migration until the closure of the wound area when treated with 100 mg/mL. Discussion: Extraction method produced almost equal yields with aqueous and ethanol extracts. Cytotoxic effects of both extracts on parent and resistant UACC 732 cells showed sign ificant difference. It was noted that ethanol extracts caused inhibition of parent and resistant UACC732 cells compared to aquoeus extract.Further investigation using wound healing assay showed that both extracts inhibited cell migration at 24 hours. Similar effects were not observed in parent and resistant UACC 732 cells. This indicated that compounds present in aqueous and ethanol extracts were able to inhibit cell migrati on. Conclus ion: This study shows that Clinacanthus nutans extracts exhibits antiproliferative and anti-migration activity. However, further investigat ion need to be done to confirm these findings.
Cardiac Siderosis Severity Assessment Using Cmr T2* Sequence Among Transfusion-dependent Thalassaemia Patients: Experience In Hospital Seberang Jaya
(2018)
Ahmad, Abu Sufian
Background: Regular blood transfusion as a treatment for thalassaemia patients had rendered them susceptible to the complication of cardiac siderosis, the main leading cause of death in this population. In Malaysia, HBE and Beta-thalassaemia carrier rate is 3-5% predominantly distributed at the northern part of peninsular and Borneo Sabah. The prevalence of cardiac siderosis in Malaysia has not been published despite the everincreasing demand of CMR T2* sequence in most of the healthcare centers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of cardiac siderosis in the northern part of peninsular Malaysia and all its associated factors; namely age, gender, serum ferritin, liver iron loading and left ventricular ejection fraction (L VEF). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 1187 transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence as part of their clinical evaluation. All enrolled patients underwent cardiac, liver and L VEF CMR T2* sequence MRI between January 2012 to May 2017. Data were obtained from a single center registry in Hospital Seberang Jaya where all the cases were referred. All demographic and clinical data pertaining to iron storage status and disease current state were recorded and transferred to research performa. Results: The prevalence of cardiac siderosis was 16.8%, of which 7 .1 % were severe, 4.0% moderate and 5.7% mild. The median age of patients was 20.90 years and HBE Beta thalassaemia constituted the most, 46.1 % followed by Beta thalassaemia major, 31.8% of the patients. Male has a higher prevalence (56%) of cardiac siderosis. The mean serum ferritin in cardiac siderosis patients was 6249.05 with 61. 76% L VEF and 2.21 % liver iron loading T2* value. Liver siderosis prevalence was high, 83%, however only 15.84% of them had a comorbid cardiac siderosis. Heart failure define as L VEF <56%, present in only 9 .8% of the study population. Liver iron loading were the only statistically proven factors contributing towards the development of cardiac siderosis with 74.2% ROC value. Conclusions: The prevalence of cardiac siderosis was 16.8% and the prevalence of liver iron overload was relatively high, 83%. The significant associations between liver iron loading and cardiac siderosis emphasized the importance of detecting cardiac siderosis early through CMR T2* especially in a state with high prevalence cases of transfusion dependent thalassaemia.
Development Of Green Microextraction-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents For The Extraction Of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs In Milk Samples
(2025-08)
Hashim, Nor Munira
The pervasive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human and veterinary medicine, despite their efficacy in managing inflammation and pain, has led to substantial environmental and food safety concerns. NSAIDs often undergo incomplete absorption in human and animal digestive systems, resulting in their persistent presence in water, milk, and other animal-derived products. This residue accumulation poses significant threats to both ecological integrity and human health. Existing methods for extracting and detecting NSAIDs residues often lack sufficient sensitivity and environmental compatibility. Given the pressing need for advanced, environmentally sustainable extraction methods, this study introduces magnetic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (Fe3O4@HDES-2) as a novel sorbent to extract NSAIDs from milk samples. The Fe3O4@HDES-2 was successfully synthesized and characterized using a variety of characterisation techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, VSM, TGA, point of zero analysis, NMR analysis, and powder contact angle measurements. Adsorption site analysis study using Material Studio for substantiated the selection of HDES-2 as a functionalised agent, suggesting a favourable adsorption mechanism that harmonised with empirical findings. Adsorption studies were undertaken to elucidate the adsorption mechanism between Fe3O4@HDES-2 and selected model of NSAIDs.

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