Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju - Tesis

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    Integrated Bioinformatics And Machine Learning Approach To Identify Chemotherapy Resistance Biomarkers And Develop Prognostic Models In Breast Cancer
    (2025-09)
    Zhang, Hao
    Chemoresistance remains a critical challenge in breast cancer treatment, limiting therapeutic efficacy and compromising long-term survival. This thesis adopts a multi-stage, integrative approach to address this issue, beginning with a bibliometric analysis to map global research trends and highlight methodological priorities in chemoresistance studies. Building upon these insights, large-scale multi-omics datasets representative of big data, including transcriptomic profiles from TCGA and GEO, were systematically analysed using bioinformatics techniques such as differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, a machine learning–based feature selection strategy using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to identify the most predictive genes, followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to construct a robust prognostic model.
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    Carcinogenic Analysis Of Heterocyclic Amines 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-B]Pyridine (Phip) And 2-Amino-3,8-Dimethylimidazo[4,5-F]Quinoxaline (Meiqx) Using Bhas 42 Cell Line
    (2025-09)
    Silvaragi, Thayvee Geetha Bharathi
    Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are common food carcinogens that are produced in cooked foods rich in protein at a high temperature. The present study investigates the carcinogenic effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of the two most commonly occurring HCAs, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), on Bhas 42 cells, a clone established from BALB/c3T3 A31-1-1 mouse fibroblast cells, a cell line strongly recommended by OECD for cancer studies due to its greater sensitivity towards oncogenic stimuli.
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    Characterization And Immunogenetic Profiling Of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection In A Study Cohort From Northern Malaysia
    (2025-08)
    Okpoluaefe Godspower Udezi, Suruthimitra Okpoluaefe
    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent β-herpesvirus that typically does not harm healthy individuals, but can lead to severe health complications in immunocompromised populations. While HCMV-driven NKG2C+ NK natural killer (NK) cells expansion is a well-established component of the immune response towards HCMV infection, little is known about the genetic variations that influence this process in Southeast Asian populations, particularly in Malaysia. This gap limits our understanding of population-specific immunogenetics that influence susceptibility of HCMV infection in Malaysia, especially considering emerging evidence that HCMV may have beneficial effects in certain clinical contexts, such as in patients with leukemia. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the immunogenetic profiles related to HCMV infection in a healthy cohort from Northern Malaysia, focusing on the NKG2C (KLRC2) and NKG2A (KLRC1) receptors on NK cells, as well as HLA-E on infected cells.
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    Elucidating The Role Of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages And Its Relation To Microrna In Human Invasive Breast Carcinoma
    (2025-09)
    Jayasingam, Sharmilla Devi
    Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are macrophages within the tumor microenvironment that play an important role in cancer initiation and progression. In breast cancer, TAMs mainly demonstrate the M2 phenotype, which is associated with anti-inflammatory and tumor-promoting characteristics. This study has shed some light into the relationship between TAMs and miRNAs besides illustrating the association between breast cancer clinicopathological parameters and M2 TAMs. Our results suggest a coalition between M2 TAMs and miR-21 in aiding breast cancer progression by promoting lymph node metastases. In conclusion, this study has provided a platform for effective targeted treatment for breast cancer patients, worthy of prospective studies.
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    Molecular And Cellular Analysis Of Hepg2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Upon Deubiquitin Enzymes Otub1 And Otub2 Knockdown
    (2025-08)
    Mohd Sani, Sa’udah Badriah
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. The deubiquitinating enzymes Otubain-1 (OTUB1) and Otubain-2 (OTUB2) have been linked to cancer progression, making them potential therapeutic targets. This study investigates the effects of OTUB1 and OTUB2 knockdown on cell viability, migration, and gene expression pathways in HepG2 cells, aiming to explore their roles in liver cancer.