Publication: Development of wearable patch antenna for 5g electronics applications by using a conductive paste based on polymer composite
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Date
2023-08-01
Authors
Shakhirul Bin Mat Salleh
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Abstract
The utilization of the 5G-specific 3.5 GHz frequency band for wireless communication integration serves as a catalyst in driving advancements within Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Wearable antennas operating at 3.5 GHz serve as conduits to transmit vital patient health data directly to hospital health monitoring systems. However, the limitations of conventional antennas are marked by their rigidity, while textile antennas offer flexibility, their stretchability remains constrained. This challenge is addressed through the selection of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and the formulation of a high-conductivity silver Ag-PDMS composite, boasting a conductivity of 6.58 x 106 S/m. Antenna A is designed using a higher Ag-silver conductive content (65 wt%), resulting in a measured bandwidth of 196 MHz and a gain of 2.61 dBi at 3.5 GHz, while retaining the ability to stretch up to 10%. Subsequently, Antenna A undergoes iterative enhancement as slits are introduced at each patch edge, creating an air gap substrate, and the integration of a sawtooth partial ground and reflector at the back forms Antenna B. This evolution yields measurable improvements, expanding the bandwidth 12.24% (220 MHz) and the gain 144.98% (6.38 dBi), with a stretchability of 20%. Both antennas are subjected to rigorous bending and stretching analyses to elucidate their performance when attached to the human body. Additionally, simulated SAR values for Antenna A and B remain within prescribed limits (1.6 W/kg for 1g tissues and 2 W/kg for 10g tissues) for human exposure to electromagnetic frequencies.