Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraaan Elektrik dan Elektronik - Tesis

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Power Management System For Water Quality Monitoring System In Aquaculture Application
(2014-09)
Malik, Azman Ab
This project proposes a Power Management System (PMS) for water quality monitoring systems in aquaculture applications. The proposed system requires power supply 12V, 200mAh with five sensors, which are ammonium sensor, temperature sensor, water level sensor, dissolve oxygen sensor and pH sensor. The proposed system use lithium ion battery due to its smaller size, lighter, longer life span and stable output voltage. Nowadays lithium ion battery charger is only available for batteries that are arranged in parallel. Hence it is suitable only for 3 V application. However for 12 V system, the voltage have to step up from 3 V to 12V, and it will cause power losses during the step up process. Therefore a charger in series configuration is studied in this project. Four models are developed and studied which are; 1) batteries are arranged in parallel and solar energy is used to charge the battery. 2) batteries are arranged in series and solar energy is used to charged the battery, 3) solar power and batteries that are arranged in parallel are used to supply power for the system, 4) solar power and batteries that are arranged in series are used to supply power for the system. carried out by using the same load. Results show that the second model improves by 173% of discharging rate compared to model 1. Compared with the model 1 and model 2, the model 3 improves by 193% and 7% respectively for the total discharging rate. For the model 4, the discharging rate is better 406%, 85% and 73% compared to model 1, model 2 and model 3 respectively. Results also shows that by using LM2577 as a charger in model 2 and model 4 it xviii Experiments to get charging rate and discharging rate to supply power for the system are
Dispersion Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles On Oxide Nanotube For Nanocatalyst System
(2014-06)
Anwar, Dede Miftahul
TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) and ZrO2 nanotube arrays (ZNTs) were NH4F at 60 V for 30 min. For the formation of nanotubes; oxidation and dissolution have been identified as two most important processes. The dissolution process occurs at the surface of the oxide, inside the pores and in between pores. Comparing TNT and ZNT; it appears ZNTs are longer with smaller diameter and thinner wall compared to TNT. Even though the anodic layer on Zr has higher value of polarization resistance (~3.92 kQ) than TNTs (-7.82 kQ) the dissolution rate of Z1O2 is lower (0.11 mm/year) compared to TNTs (0.416 mm/year), making TNTs are shorter. The dissolution rate of oxide on Ti and Zr is also different resulting in different dimensions. Photocurrent and charge distribution measurement exhibited excellent ability of photogenerated free charge-carriers flow in TNTs but low for ZNTs. Therefore TNTs was need as a cathode to electrodeposit iron oxide. The formation of TNTs was further studied by the use of was suitable to be used as a template for the electrodeposition of iron oxide. For the electrodeposition lectrolyte consisting of 0.02 M FeCh bFhO + DI water was used. Parameters studied for this process included voltage, concentration of electrolyte and the effect of additives in the electrolyte.
Impact Of Differential Pair Routing Discontinuities On Signal Integrity In Printed Circuit Board Design
(2013-02)
Adanan, Omar Mukhtar
Differential pair routing on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is widely used as interconnect due to its excellent signal integrity performance, However, differential pair is not immune to the impact of routing discontinuities. This research analyzed and quantified the impact several types of routing discontinuities on differential pair. These routing discontinuities are routing over split plane, routing over void, 45° bend routing and serpentine routing. The results of this research are based on Full-wave 3D modeling and simulation. The cross-sectional differential pair configuration parameters are based on SATA 3rd Generation industrial standard. Four types of analysis have been done for each of the routing discontinuities, which are S-parameter, TDR, Model Eye-Diagram and Full Channel Transient Analysis. Based on configuration parameters used in this research, the differential pair routing with routing discontinuities degrade the signal integrity performance especially above 3GHz. Routing discontinuities also cause the characteristic impedance of differential routing to change and lead to impedance mismatch. Different types of routing discontinuities have different impact characteristics. As for routing over split plane and void, the higher the number of split planes or voids higher the degradation in signal integrity. As for serpentine and 45° degree bend, inconsistence spacing within differential pair traces causes the signal integrity performance to degrade. x
Detection And Segmentation Of Mass Region In Mammogram Image
(2014-01)
Ting, Shyue Siong
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and continues to be a significant public health problem amongst women around the world. Early detection is the most promising way to decrease the number of patient suffering from this disease. Currently, mammography is an effective diagnostic technique for early detection of breast cancer. Numerous studies have been carried out to develop Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system to help radiologists. Unfortunately, none of the proposed techniques provide good results in both mass detection and segmentation. Thus, in this study, an automated system to detect and segment the true mass regions of any size, shape and margin in mammogram image is proposed. Initially, the Mean Median Intersection Point (MMIP) algorithm is proposed to obtain a point in the intensity histogram to be set as threshold value to segment the breast region and distinguish it from the background in the mammogram image. Then, a modified contrast enhancement technique, namely Multi-Stage Contrast Enhancement (MSCE) technique is proposed to increase the contrast between the mass and breast tissue regions. Finally, an automated seed based region growing process for mass detection and segmentation is proposed. In the proposed technique, the seed point that produces the smallest smoothness descriptor value is set as the initial mass centre for the region growing process. In order to produce results which mimic true mass region, the enhanced mammogram image is multiplied with the Gaussian function centred at a seed point location.
8-Bit High Resolution Pipelined Analog-To-Digital Converter (ADC) With High Unity-Gain Bandwidth Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)
(2019-02)
Idros, Norhamizah
High unity-gain bandwidth operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for high resolution 8-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) was designed to satisfy the differential non-linearity (DNL) of ±1 LSB and conversion time less than 20 /js. The resolution of pipelined ADC is limited by open-loop DC gain provided by the OTA that acts as the core element in developing the ADC. The existing design of folded cascode OTA does not has a high open-loop DC gain to maintain the resolution of 8-bit. The choice of folded cascode is the best suited architecture for high resolution switched capacitor application as compared to the other topology.

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