Publication:
Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Among Tuberculosis Patients And Treatment Outcomes In Penang, Malaysia

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dc.contributor.authorRam Bheesham, Ram Bheesham
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-08T07:08:56Z
dc.date.available2026-06-08T07:08:56Z
dc.date.issued2024-11
dc.description.abstractWorldwide load of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (cvd) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and cvd disease. Monocytes or macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cellular-mediated immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries. This retrospective study, conducted at penang general hospital, malaysia from january 2023 to july 2023, aimed to assess the prevalence of cvd among tb patients, explore associated risk factors, evaluate pharmacotherapy outcomes, and analyze mortality rates due to cvd within the tb population. A retrospective and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on tb patients without pre-existing cvd. This study was divided into two phases. Phase i involved the convenient sampling of 402 tb patient files, while phase ii utilized the purposive sampling of 657 deceased patient files from 2015 to 2022. Phase i findings revealed a significant prevalence of cvd among tb patients, with 10.2% developing cardiovascular complications.
dc.identifier.urihttps://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/24324
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectPrevalence Cardiovascular Disease Among Tuberculosis Patients
dc.titlePrevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Among Tuberculosis Patients And Treatment Outcomes In Penang, Malaysia
dc.typeResource Types::text::thesis::doctoral thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Malaysia
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