Publication: Chitosan coated on treated poly(lactic acid)beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds incorporated with dexamethasone loaded poly(lactic acid) microsphere
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Date
2020-10-01
Authors
Isa, Rosaniza Md
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Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is extensively used for tissue regeneration owing to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, durability and cost effectiveness. However, PLA scaffold based biomaterials have some shortcomings such as their inherent brittleness, slow degradation rate and lack of bioactivity, which restricts their application in hard tissue engineering. Hence, PLA based composites scaffold are getting acceptance for this applications. The main objective of the study is to produce PLA/β-TCP scaffolds. Chitosan layer was coated on the scaffold to reduce the brittleness and Dexamethasone (Dexa) as antibiotic was loaded in the PLA microsphere to avoid the infection during surgeries process. PLA/β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated by using a combined solvent casting and salt leaching method. Dexa loaded in PLA microspheres were fabricated by double emulsion and solvent evaporation method. Surface modification of the scaffold was carried out to improve the surface wettability and bioactivity of PLA/β-TCP scaffolds. Results showed that the addition of β-TCP offers a 39.3% improvement in compressive strength and hydrophilicity to the scaffolds. Surface treatment using silane indicates significant improvement compared to that of NaOH treatment. The compressive strength of the treated PLA/β-TCP scaffold with 2 v/v% silane improved by 50%, with 34% reduction of water contact angle value compared to untreated scaffolds. It is found that an increase in compressive strength of PLA/β-TCP scaffold was achieved at 1.5 w/v% of chitosan coating solution. Significantly, the chitosan was able to penetrate some micropores and small cracks in the struts which resulted in an increase of about 64% of compressive strength of the scaffold. For drug delivery, results showed that chitosan coating on treated scaffolds with Dexa loaded PLA microsphere played significant role in combating infection by prolonged time of drug release and increased the protein adsorption. In short, chitosan coated on treated scaffolds with Dexa loaded PLA microsphere holds great potential to provide mechanical support for tissue regeneration with similar chemical composition to human bone and controlled drug delivery function for bone tissue engineering.