Publication: Effect of partial tibial periosteal resection on proximal tibia growth plate in growing rabbits
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Date
2022
Authors
Masani, Razzi
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Abstract
Introduction Periosteal graft has been used to enhance bone healing, cartilage defect, or source of osteoblast in tissue engineering. The effect on the growth plate of the circumferential periosteum resection is known, but the effect on the growth plate that leads to bone elongation in partial periosteum resection is not explored yet. We conducted this study to understand the effect of a partial periosteum resection on the growth plate of the donor tibia. Methodology This study was carried out on eight 8-week-old white New Zealand rabbits. All rabbits underwent partial periosteum resection of a 2 cm segment of anteromedial and anterolateral left tibia, starting at 2 cm distal to the tibia-femoral joint. All rabbits were euthanized 4 weeks after surgery. The growth plate of both tibias were prepared for histological analysis and stained using haematoxylin and eosin. The thickness of the growth plate and its zones were measured using ImageJ software version 1.8.0_172. The results of the donor and control tibia were compared and analyzed statistically. Result The mean thickness of the growth plate was more on the donor side (0.448mm) compared to the control side (0.388mm) with a p-value of 0.04. The comparison of donor versus control tibia on each zone of the growth plate was; the reserve zone (0.067mm versus 0.065mm, p-value 0.708), the proliferative zone (0.241mm versus 0.221mm, p-value 0.222), the hypertrophic zone (0.141mm versus 0.102mm, p-value 0.036), and the number of feeding vessels (28.4 versus 27.1, p-value 0.348). However, only the growth plate and hypertrophic zone thickness mean differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Partial resection of the periosteum of the growing rabbit tibia has a positive effect on its growth plate activity. This was mainly contributed by the axial thickness of the hypertrophic chondrocyte in the hypertrophic zone. The result also proves no significant morbidity on the donor tibia, thus it is safe for grafting purposes.