Publication: Translating and adapting children’s home inventory for listening difficulties (C.H.I.L.D) questionnaire into Malay version
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Date
2025-07
Authors
Ramli, Tuan Norsyarafina Tuan
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Abstract
Listening is vital for a child’s development in communication, learning, and social
skills. The Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (CHILD)
questionnaire is a parent-report tool originally developed in English to assess children’s
listening behaviors in daily environments. This study aimed to translate, culturally
adapt, and assess the reliability of the CHILD questionnaire for use with Malayspeaking
parents of children aged 3 to 12 years. A six-step process was used to translate
and adapt the CHILD questionnaire into Malay: (1) forward translation by two
independent translators, (2) backward translation by two different translators, (3) review
by a bilingual expert panel, (4) evaluation by clinicians and language experts, (5)
revision based on expert feedback, and (6) pilot testing with 50 Malay-speaking parents
to ensure clarity and cultural suitability. The internal consistency of the Malay version
was high, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.932, indicating that the items reliably measured
the same underlying concept. Test–retest reliability was also strong, with an average
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.956, showing that responses were stable
over time. Children showed better listening performance in quiet and social situations,
and more difficulty in noisy environments. These findings are consistent with
international studies, including the Turkish version of the questionnaire. These results
suggest that the translated Malay version maintains the original tool’s reliability and
effectively captures listening challenges in different daily situations. The Malay CHILD
questionnaire is therefore a reliable and culturally appropriate instrument for clinical
and research use in Malaysia, offering professionals meaningful insights into children’s
everyday listening experiences based on parental observation.