Publication: Behavioural, Social And Economic Reactions Of Covid-19 Responses Among Frontline Healthcare Providers In Nigeria
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Date
2023-09
Authors
Okpua Nelson Chidinma
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Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic triggered both local and international reactions. These preventive responses, however, generated long and lasting effects on the nurses, doctors, medical laboratory scientists and ward assistants, who were at the forefront of managing the pandemic. Studies that attempted to assess the impacts of the pandemic on these healthcare providers (HCPs) had generally focussed on the behavioural, social and economic effects, may be due to the lack of a comprehensive assessment tool. This study aims to develop a questionnaire by exploring the holistic reactions of COVID-19 responses among the HCPs in Nigeria through three phases. Phase One: a systematic review was conducted on the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on frontline HCPs in Africa and Asia. Method- Electronic literature search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Science Direct using key words and phrases. Retrieved articles were screened using PRISMA protocol and included studies were thematically analysed. Result- 39 studies included showed that HCPs experienced behavioural, social and economic reactions during the pandemic. Conclusion- HCPs suffered various impacts during the pandemic. Phase Two: a COVID-19 Response Impacts Questionnaire (COVRiQ) for frontline HCPs was developed and validated. Methodology - this followed three distinct steps; questionnaire development, content and face validity, and construct validity tests. A panel of 12 experts assessed the content validity, while construct validity was tested using 301 frontline HCPs. Data was analysed using SPSS (25.0). Results- COVRiQ consisting of 32-item was developed with S-CVI of 0.97. EFA results showed an overall Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient of 0.91 and subscales reliability coefficient of 0.89, 0.76 and 0.84 for behavioural, social and economic impacts. CFA analysis showed an overall α=0.87. Conclusion- COVRiQ questionnaire was developed and proven valid and reliable. Phase Three- In a cross sectional study, COVRiQ was administered to 317 Nigerian frontline HCPs using online social media platforms. Data collected were analysed using SPSS (25.0). Results- COVRiQ scores were 90%, 80% and 62.5% respectively for behaviour, social and economic impacts. Impacts were higher among females, nurses and HCPs aged 34 years and above. Compared to other forms of impact, the prevalence and severity of behavioural impact was higher among HCPs. Factors associated with COVID-19 impacts were behavioural impacts (age, gender and COVID-19 work experience); social impacts (education, alcoholism and existing health condition) and economic impacts (BMI, income and number of dependents). Conclusion-frontline HCPs, particularly the nurses, women and young professionals, experienced the various impacts of COVID-19 pandemic response.
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Okpua Nelson Chidinma , Behavioural , Social And Economic , Reactions Of Covid-19 Responses , Among Frontline Healthcare Providers In Nigeria