Publication: Synthesis of cacu3ti4o12 (ccto) and magnesium-doped ccto ceramics via sol-gel method in developing high dielectric constant with low dielectric loss materials
Date
2024-08-01
Authors
Chong Sin Tong
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Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and characterization of calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ or CCTO) and magnesium-doped CCTO (Mg-doped CCTO) to improve dielectric properties for high-frequency applications. The rapid growth in electronic technology demands materials with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses to enable miniaturization and multifunctionality. Despite CCTO having a high dielectric constant, its high dielectric loss of (tan δ > 0.1) limits performance and application at high frequencies. To address this issue, magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) were selected as dopants due to their suitable ionic radius and valence state, which help to maintain charge balance and enhance the dielectric properties of CCTO. CCTO powders were synthesized with varying Mg concentrations (5, 15, and 25 mol%) at the Ca²⁺ and Cu²⁺ sites via the sol-gel method. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear shrinkage, density and dielectric measurements were also performed. The results showed that Mg doping significantly improved the dielectric properties of CCTO. Specifically, 25 mol% Mg doping at the Cu²⁺ site provides the most significant improvement in the high-frequency region (500 MHz to 50 GHz). These findings highlight the potential of Mg-doped CCTO for advanced capacitor technologies, aiding the development of next-generation electronic devices that require high-performance dielectric materials.