Publication: Study of potential centralized waste Water treatment plant to improved Effluent from livestock area using Infoworks ICM: A case study in sungai Kereh and kampung Selamat.
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Date
2025-12
Authors
Mohamad Faudzi , Siti Multazimah
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Abstract
Sungai Kereh was classified as a polluted river in 2020, with Water Quality Index (WQI) values ranging from 31 to 55 (Class III–IV). Persistent odour and poor water quality have severely impacted the daily lives of nearby residents. To evaluate the river’s condition, field sampling was conducted on twelve non-consecutive days from September to November 2021 at six sampling points along the river. Six key water quality parameters—Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH₃-N), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, and Suspended Solids (SS)—were analyzed to compute the WQI. Findings indicate that NH₃-N, BOD, and COD are the primary pollutants, with upstream of Parit Cina (SK1) identified as the main pollution source. Field observations and comparative analysis confirmed that wastewater from pig farming activities in Kampung Selamat
is being directly discharged into Parit Cina, significantly elevating pollutant concentrations. To mitigate pollution, water quality modelling was conducted using InfoWorks Integrated Catchment Modelling (ICM) software. Among the scenarios evaluated, Scenario 2—positioning a centralized wastewater treatment plant (CWTP) at the outlet of Parit Cina—showed the highest pollutant removal efficiency. Simulated effluent concentrations were reduced from 130 mg/L to 23 mg/L for NH₃-N, 94 mg/L to 9.4 mg/L for BOD, and 130 mg/L to 19.5 mg/L for COD, achieving over 80% reduction. The post-treatment simulation indicated a substantial improvement in river WQI, with most segments reaching Class III and downstream
areas improving to Class II. This study demonstrates the critical role of targeted wastewater treatment infrastructure in restoring river health and provides a strategic framework for water quality management in livestock-intensive catchments.