Molecular mechanics simulations of quartz etching process
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Date
2016-01-01
Authors
Abdul Haadi Abdul Manap
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Abstract
In this thesis, the physical etching of argon bombardment onto α-quartz and
amorphous quartz substrates were studied and investigated using molecular
mechanics methods. Although there are extensive studies on quartz etching, larger
numbers of the research are experimental and the studies focus on the process
outcomes rather than the fundamental study of the process. Molecular mechanics
methods such as Monte Carlo (MC) method and Molecular Dynamics (MD) method
enables researchers in building the model from ground up to the physical etching
process. This kind of bottom-up design allows us to study the process in molecular
level and help researcher grasp the fundamental theory of the process.
Two computational methods have been employed in order to study quartz
etching process. The first method are based on statistical approach i.e Monte Carlo
and the second method is based on deterministic approach i.e Molecular Dynamics.
In Monte Carlo method, the main interest of the simulations is sputtering yield, Ys
and energy distribution of sputtered atoms. The relationship of incident energy, Ei ,
and incident angle θi to the interested subjects will also been investigated and
discussed. It was found that at incident angle θi =70⁰ at any incident energy, Ei, the
sputtering yield, Ys is maximum. Molecular Dynamics method reported the effect of etching selectivity, the effect of substrate temperature, Ts, and the effect of incident energy, Ei to the
sputtering yield and ultimately corroborates the factor and sputtering yield with the
properties of the substrate. The main objective of this project is to use computational
method (i.e Molecular Dynamics) to model the process at the scale of molecular
level. Two difference substrates (amorphous and α-quartz) are subjected to a range of
incident energy. Ei and temperature, Ts and the sputtering yield were studied. Morse
potential and Second Generation Charge-Optimized Many Body (COMB) potentials
were utilised as the inter-atomic potential. α-quartz shows higher sputtering yield as compared to amorphous quartz at any given incident energy, Ei and substrate temperature, Ts. α-quartz has also
produced more stoichiometric yield compared to amorphous quartz. This is because
for α quartz, the sputtered product are in mostly the form of SiO2 molecule while
amorphous substrate the sputtered product in the form of atom. Incident enery, Ei
gave significant increase in the sputtering yield compared to temperature, Ts.
In this thesis, the computational model of physical etching on quartz has been
demonstrated using the Monte Carlo (MC) method and Molecular Dynamics (MD)
method. Several factors are studied and better understandings of the process in
molecular level have been achieved. The results of this study could be applied in 2D
and 3D patterning used in lithography technique.