Optimization Based Controlled Evacuation Using Pedestrian Speed-Density Relationship: A Case Study Of Universiti Sains Malaysia

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dc.contributor.authorKAWSAR, LUTHFUL ALAHI
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-25T07:23:07Z
dc.date.available2016-05-25T07:23:07Z
dc.date.issued2015-10
dc.description.abstractThe speed-density relationship is a major concern in the study of the evacuation of facilities, as it is linked directly with the capability of a walkway to keep up a preferred flow of pedestrians along its length. This research aims to determine an improved speed-density relationship model for pedestrian flow that takes into account the decay rate of speed for an increase in density and formulate an efficient control methodology which can help to maintain a smooth and quick evacuation during an emergency. The Dewan Tuanku Syed Putra (DTSP) hall room of Universiti Sains Malaysia is considered as a case study. The M/G/c/c state dependent queueing model is used to evaluate the performance measures of the DTSP network. The result shows that the maximum throughput can be obtained by putting some restrictions on the travelling direction from the source walkways to the exiting walkways. Data from the DTSP hall room was collected from each session during the convocation from 21st to 25th September 2011 using a photographic procedure. The validity of the improved speed-density relationship model has been verified by fitting it to the primary dataset and eight different secondary datasets. The results show that the model explains the speed-density relationship well for all the datasets (all 0.78 2 R  ). Using the conservation of mass concept, a novel controlled flow methodology based on a linear programming problem is developed for computing the optimal flow rates for a multi-exit evacuation network. In an emergency situation, the controlled flow design is able to track the values of the walkway density, the number of occupants in nodes and thus assures that the flow xxiii from adjacent sources to the source walkways is at their maximum level. Using the DTSP hall room as a multi-exit network, a simulation of the flow shows that the source walkways are blocked when there is an uncontrolled flow. Hence, very few occupants can make their way into the intermediate walkways and exits. For the controlled flow, the values of occupant density in the source and intermediate walkways gradually approach the critical density, ensuring a maximum flow. A perturbation study of the controlled flow methodology for the different values of the decay rate of speed gives stable results in terms of the state and control variables. The developed methodology is useful for the architects and disaster management authorities who are concerned with the evacuation of building facilities and can be used as a paradigm for future studies.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2056
dc.subjectOptimization Based Controlled Evacuation Using Pedestrian Speed-Density Relationshipen_US
dc.subjectA Case Study Of Universiti Sains Malaysiaen_US
dc.titleOptimization Based Controlled Evacuation Using Pedestrian Speed-Density Relationship: A Case Study Of Universiti Sains Malaysiaen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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