Preparation Of Lignin Graft Copolymer As A Filtration Loss Additive For Water-Based Drilling Fluid
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Date
2014-03
Authors
Lim, Say Liang
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Soda lignin recovered from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers is a renewable natural polymer and has high potential for industrial applications. Lignin graft copolymer (LGC) was prepared using a free radical polymerization technique that involved grafting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer onto soda lignin (SL). The optimum polymerization conditions were found to be as follows: soda lignin (2.0 g) initiator, 3 % (w/w) potassium persulphate of SL; mass ratio of AMPS to SL, 1:2; 7 hours of reaction time and reaction temperature, 60 °C. The CHN elemental analysis indicated that a significant increase in nitrogen content of LGC. The number average (Mn) and weight average (MW) of LGC were 1,315,448 and 2,665,508 g/mol respectively. Two Tg value were observed in the DSC thermogram of LGC. FT-IR analysis revealed that a new band appeared at 1661 cm- and a strong stretch at band 1040 cm-1 due to (C=O) of amide group and (S=O) of sulfonic group in the spectrum of LGC. The filtration loss controlling ability of the LGC was evaluated using American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice 13B-1 standard procedures. The data showed that LGC has remarkable rheological and fluid loss controlling properties compared to commercial products at both room temperature and high temperature (190 ˚C) conditions. The API filtrate volume decreased with the increased of LGC dosage before and after the thermal aging tests at 190 ºC. The API filtrate volume reached its smallest value at 1.5 % (w/w) dosage for fresh water-based mud and 3.5 % (w/w) for salt water-based mud.
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Keywords
Lignin graft copolymer , as a filtration loss additive