Cognitive, Psycho-Physiological And Physical Benefits Of Aerobic Exercise And Milk Consumption Among Female Secondary School Students
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Date
2015-07
Authors
MOGHADDAM, SEDIGHEH
Journal Title
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to identify the cognitive, psycho-physiological and physical benefits of aerobic exercise and milk consumption among female secondary school students. The intervention was conducted in two preliminary and main studies, separately. In the preliminary phase, ninety three female students aged 16 years old were randomly assigned in the four study groups: milk, exercise, combined and control groups. The participants in the milk group consumed 250ml/day low fat milk for five days of school days at specific time and the participants in the exercise group attended an aerobic dance exercise twice a week and the participants in the combined group consumed 250ml/day low fat milk consumption and attended aerobic exercise. The main phase of the present study was conducted with same participants of the preliminary phase, however, it followed different intervention procedures. Participants in the combined and exercise groups were required to attend aerobic exercise class three times/week, whereas participants in the milk and combined groups were taking 500ml/day low fat milk (first serving in the morning and second serving in the evening). Selected parameters were assessed after the 6th and 12th weeks of the intervention. The results of the two-way repeated measure ANOVA from the preliminary phase revealed that the participants of the combined intervention group (two times/week aerobic exercise plus 250ml/day milk consumption) had significantly lower waist circumference, fat percentage and HDL Cholesterol (p < 0.05) compared to their counterparts in the control group. Furthermore, combination of aerobic exercise plus intake of milk
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consumption significantly influenced higher improvement of short term memory and sustained attention (p < 0.001, p < 0.05) compared to those in the control and milk groups. Outcomes of the main phase over three months intervention however revealed that the participants in the combined, exercise and milk groups exhibited significantly lower fat% and waist circumference compared with the participants in the control group with higher mean difference for combined group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the participants of the combined group had significantly positive change in blood lipids compared to the control group. According to the results of main phase, scores of emotional distress of the all participant in the intervention groups decreased significantly more from baseline to post intervention with greater mean differences in the combined group ( mean differences = 5.21, p < 0.01). Furthermore, additional benefits of aerobic exercise and milk intake for muscular power surfaced just in the main phase with significant improvement in the combined and exercise groups compared to the control and milk groups. In conclusion, the frequency and duration of aerobic exercise and amount of milk consumption as well as combination of aerobic exercise plus intake of low fat milk improved selected parameters. Although, combining aerobic exercise and milk consumption was observed to be more effective to produce sizable changes on the mentioned parameters.
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Keywords
Physical Benefits Of Aerobic Exercise , Among Female Secondary School Students