Comparison Study On Isolation Procedures Of Bioactive Compounds From Pyroligneous Acid Of Rhizophora Apiculata
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Date
2008-10
Authors
Kamaruddin, Nur Hajjar
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Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) a liquid produced from the condensation of vapours
and gases escaped during the production of charcoal in charcoal village Kuala
Sepetang, Perak was studied in this research. This PA was concentrated to
one tenth of its original volume at 80°C using rotary evaporator and resulted in
concentrated pyroligneous acid (CPA). Antimicrobial screening of PA and
CPA showed that they possessed the antimicrobial properties against 14
microbial species i.e. 10 bacterial species, 2 species of yeasts and 2 species
of fungi. Liquid-liquid extraction of PA resulted in (CH3CH2)2O extract,
dichloromethane extraction of CPA gave in CH2Cl2 I extract, acid-base
treatment on CH2Cl2 I extract resulted in CH2Cl2 III extract while open-column
chromatography- alkaline extraction gave rise to CH2Cl2 A extract. All three
extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial properties against 10 tested
bacterial species with CH2Cl2 A as the strongest extract to inhibit the growth of
bacteria treated. Separation and identification of bioactive compounds in
pyroligneous acid using TLC, FT-IR and GC/ GC-MS analysis indicated that
PA contains a variety of carbonylic and phenolic derivatives. It was shown that
acetic acid played the major role in the antimicrobial activity of (CH3CH2)2O
extract since this compound was the major compound identified. CH2Cl2 III
and CH2Cl2 A extract demonstrated a complex mixture of organic derivatives such as ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, furan and pyran derivatives, phenol
derivatives, guaiacol derivatives, syringol derivatives, pyrocatechol,
nitrogenated compounds and several other compounds. GC-MS study of
CH2Cl2 A extract revealed a cleaner and simpler chromatogram with lesser
number of peaks identified. More phenolic compounds existed in CH2Cl2 A
extract as compared to CH2Cl2 III extract. Compound 2,6-bis(1,1-
dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT) also detected for the first time in CH2Cl2
A extract of pyroligneous acid. This study found that the combination of opencolumn
chromatography-alkaline extraction was the best isolation procedure
in giving a rich phenolic extract.
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Keywords
Isolation Procedures Of Bioactive Compounds , Pyroligneous Acid Of Rhizophora Apiculata