Micropropagation of spilanthes acmella L. with 810-insecticidal properties

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Date
2006
Authors
Boon Haw, Ang
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Abstract
An in vitro mass propagation protocol was established for Spilanthes acmella L. using the axillary bud as explants of S. acme/fa L. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/1 of N6-benzyl adenine (BA) or less was found to be more suitable for induction of multiple shoots from the axillary buds within five weeks. The addition of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had no significant effect on the multiple shoots formation of this plant. Number of shoot formed from in vitro multiple shoots undergoing shoot separation was double as compared to nonseparated multiple shoots when cultured on MS + 2 mg/1 BA for five weeks. The shoot height was reduced as the concentration of BA supplemented into the MS medium was increased. The multiple shoots formed on MS medium supplemented with BA 2.0 - 8.0 mg/1 were short and accompanied by callus. More multiple shoots formed when the in vitro shoot explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with low concentration of BA (0.5 - 2.5 mg/1). MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 BA was sufficient for the proliferation of multiple shoots of S. acmella. Mass propagation of S. acmella shoots on MS + 0.5 mg/1 BA was found to be proportionate according to the size of culture flask with high biomass produced in the 2000 ml flasks (44.4 g) or 1000 ml flasks (40.3 g). The leaf explants of S. acme/fa L. produced callus and hairy roots when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (2 - 8 mg/1). Amount of callus formed reduced with the increased of NAA. MS medium with the presence of both NAA and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) also induced callus formation from the leaf explants. However, MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D was found to be the best medium for callus induction for S. acmella L. leaf explants. Crude extracts from dried mother plants of S. acmella L. using steam distillation followed by chloroform extract demonstrated its insecticidal activity against 8/atte//a germanica L. Toxicity of the crude mother plant extracts was compared to chlorpyrifos, propoxur and deltamethrin and results also indicated the existence of bio-insecticidal property of S. acmella L. in vitro plantlets. Callus, however, did not contain the aimed bio-insecticidal compound as in the mother plants and in vitro plantlets.
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Keywords
Spilanthes acmella L . , Bio-insecticidal properties
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