Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat - Tesis
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- PublicationMicropropagation Of Fig (Ficus Carica) Cv.japanese Btm 6(2024-09)Lee, Yong JunFicus carica L., commonly known as the fig tree and belonging to the Moraceae family, is cultivated in subtropical and Mediterranean regions worldwide. This fruit-bearing tree is rich in natural fibre, minerals, and vitamins. However, conventional propagation methods, such as grafting, hardwood cutting, and air layering, are inefficient for establishing viable plant stocks in Malaysia. The primary factor to this inefficiency is the suboptimal rooting efficiency associated with these conventional propagation techniques. However, experiments have shown that vermicast can enhance root induction, improving the survival rate of plantlets in these methods. Therefore, vermicast can be as an option to help with root induction."Vermicast, a byproduct of organic matter decomposition by earthworms, is known for its advantageous impact on plant growth in agriculture. This study aims to establish methods for the micropropagation of Ficus carica cv. Japanese BTM 6 and to evaluate the regeneration effects of vermicast solution on in vitro shoot cultures. Sterile nodal segment explants were subjected to treatments involving various types and concentrations of organic additives, including potato, banana, and coconut water. The induced shoots were further treated with different combinations and concentrations of cytokinins (meta-topolin, BAP, 2ip, zeatin, and TDZ) and auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA) to promote shoot multiplication. Additionally, the induced shoots were assessed for their response to varying concentrations of vermicast solution (ranging from 5% to 30%) in terms of in vitro shoot and root regeneration. Plantlets with roots were acclimatized with different potting mix and vermicast as the acclimazation media with and without vermicast solution during watering.
- PublicationIdentification And Characterisation Of Enoyl-Coa Hydratases (Phaj/Maoc) From Non-Mcl Pha Accumulating Bacteria For The Production Of P(3hb-Co-3hhx) Copolymer In Transformant Strains(2024-07)Jia Hui, WanPolyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable plastic produced naturally by microorganisms, where it serves as carbon storage and is completely biodegradable in the natural environment. There are two types of PHA, which are short-chain-length PHA (SCL-PHA), consisting of monomers with 3 to 5 carbons, and medium-chain-length PHA (MCL-PHA), consisting of monomers with 6 to 14 carbons. The poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] copolymer is composed of both SCL- and MCL-PHA, which has a close resemblance to some conventional plastics and displays promising potential as a substitute for non-biodegradable plastics such as single-use plastic. Enoyl-CoA hydratases (PhaJ/MaoC) are the enzymes essential in the β-oxidation cycle of fatty acid metabolism that can increase the supply of 3HHx monomer compositions in the production of the copolymer. The properties of the copolymer may be altered by varying the 3HHx molar composition. To date, there is a lack of effective enoyl-CoA that can increase the supply of 3HHx monomer to produce P(3HB-co-3HHx); therefore, this study aims to identify and characterise more effective enoyl-CoA hydratases to overcome this problem. In this study, the bioinformatic analysis was done to screen for functional PhaJs or MaoCs from non-MCL-PHA accumulating bacteria such as Burkholderia sp. USM, Jeongeupia sp.
- PublicationFactors Influencing Academic External Engagement, Global Mindedness And Internationalisation Satisfaction Among Academics In Malaysian Research Universities(2024-09)Muthu, KalanithiThe internationalisation of higher education is a crucial driver of national economic growth and global competitiveness. Malaysian research universities are increasingly focusing on enhancing their international profile and academic engagement. This study investigates the factors influencing academic external engagement, global mindedness, and internationalisation satisfaction among academics in Malaysian public research universities. Specifically, it examines the impact of perceived institutional support, technology integration, and talent management on global mindedness, and how these relationships are mediated by global mindedness and moderated by academic external engagement. Using Smart PLS to evaluate the hypotheses, the study found that perceived institutional support, technology integration, and talent management positively influence global mindedness among academics. Additionally, global mindedness significantly enhances internationalisation satisfaction. However, the study revealed that while academic external engagement strengthens the relationship between technology integration and global mindedness, it does not significantly moderate the relationships between institutional support or talent management and global mindedness.
- PublicationProteomic And Biochemical Analysis Of Detoxification Enzyme In Musca Domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) And Its Response Upon Prolonged Exposure Of Insecticide(2024-02)Manoharan, KalaavathiThis study provides the proteomic and biochemical information of the detoxification enzymes namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-esterase (α-est), β- esterase (β-est), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450) in susceptible (adult, larvae and pupae) and poultry strains (larvae) Musca domestica. Upon whole protein analysis, number of proteins discovered in larvae was highest (441), followed by adults (181) and pupae (115) which concluded specific proteins are necessary for the proper progression of each developmental phase. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities as well as the protein content of the susceptible strain were found to have significantly varied enzymatic activity across the developmental stages (p<0.05). Thirthy four distinct peptides of the targeted detoxification enzyme were discovered at various developmental stages of the susceptible strain. Functional analysis of the targeted peptides of the susceptible strains exposed that in addition to their functions in detoxification, the multifunctional enzymes were also found to be developmental-related proteins that responsible in various biological process, molecular functions and KEGG pathways to complete metamorphosis. Overall, it has been observed that at the larvae stage, the targeted developmental related detoxification peptides were more expressed and were the most enriched in terms of biological process, molecular function and KEGG
- PublicationRhamnolipid As Antifungal Agent Against Pyricularia Oryzae And Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Blast And Sheath Blight Diseases Of Paddy(2024-09)Shukri, Izah Adlina MohamadPyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani are fungi causing blast and sheath blight diseases of paddy (Oryza sativa) in Malaysia. The use of disease resistant rice varieties and fungicides to control both diseases might increase the fungal resistance and the discharge of chemicals into watercourses. This research evaluates the antifungal activity of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2 which is more sustainable than chemical fungicides. Seven isolates of Pyricularia sp. and eight isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. from thirty isolates were successfully obtained from blast and sheath blight symptoms in a paddy field in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. Pathogenicity test confirmed that all Pyricularia sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. isolates were pathogenic by showing a typical blast as an orange brown edge diamond-shaped and sheath blight as an irregular water-soaked. Morphological characterisation and molecular identification of one representative isolate from each group confirmed the identity as P. oryzae USM-PD1 and R. solani USM-PD2. Moreover, antifungal evaluation of rhamnolipid against both fungi demonstrated retarded mycelia with lysis and lesion, as well as slow growth on plates. The highest percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) for P. oryzae USM-PD1 was achieved at 2000 ppm (48.30 ± 1.18%). Meanwhile, PIDG and percentage inhibition of sclerotia (PISC) number of R. solani USM-PD2 were obtained at 10 000 ppm (60.00 ± 2.35%) and 800 ppm (100%), respectively.