Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat - Tesis

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Study On Flies Diversity And Effect Of Biotic And Abiotic Factors On Houseflies At Different Farming Systems
(2024-08)
Ballakrishnan, Navanithakumar
A study on the effect of the rearing system and the manure settling floor on the abundance of Musca domestica (fly) was conducted in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of Diptera species in 14 commercial poultry farms with close house and open house systems; the effect of biotic and abiotic factors and wind speed on the abundance of flies in fields with soil and concrete floor types; differences in the housefly index related to relative humidity, the thickness of manure deposited on the floor of the house, the natural manure moisture content, and wet manure were studied on six broiler farms. Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) survey was also carried out to assess the current housefly management and prevention measures in practice. A total of 7,993 flies captured belonged to nine families namely, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sacrophagidae, Ulidiidae, Phoridae, Stratiomyidae, Sciaridae, Fannidae and Syrphidae. The Musca domestica was the predominant fly species (p= 0.047) and it represented 74.01% (open house) and 68.26% (closed house) while Megaselia scalaris was the second most abundant species constitutes (21.66% in open house and 30.58% in closed house farming system). In earthen manure settling floor, mean housefly index was 7.67 ± 0.23 heads/30 seconds, p= 0.000 ; bird’s age (12.29 ± 0.48 days, p= 0.057); temperature (29.14 ± 0.07 ℃, p= 0.000); ammonia (0.85 ± 0.04 ppm, p= 0.028); hydrogen sulfide (0.04 ± 0.00 ppm, p= 0.004); wind speed (0.98 ± 0.03 m/s, p= 0.457); relative humidity (56.79 ± 0.27%, p= 0.264); general manure moisture (45.53 ± 1.09%, p= 0.107); wet spot moisture (70.46 ± 1.62%, p= 0.707) and thickness of manure settled (26.13 ± 0.94 mm, p= 0.000).
Non-volant Rodent Abundance And Damage, Diet Preference And Control Using Anticoagulant Rodenticide In Oil Palm Plantation, Sungkai, Perak
(2024-08)
Zaludin, Muhammad Syafiq Mohd
Rodent pests cause significant economic loss to the oil palm industry, necessitating a deep understanding of their species distribution, behaviour and effective control methods. A total of 132 rodents were captured through live trapping in Sungkai Perak, with 82.58% being Malaysian house rats (Rattus rattus diardii). Physical measurements of male and female R. rattus diardii showed no differences. Average measurements were weight 158.73±4.63g, head-to-body length 136.73±2.99mm, tail length 169.51±3.24mm, ear length 20.68±0.20mm, hindfoot length 32.64±0.29mm, and upper incisor teeth 2.86±0.04mm. This study evaluated the relationship between R. rattus diardii population size, fresh fruit bunch (FFB) availability, and damage to ripe and unripe oil palm FFB. A significant positive relationship was found between trap success and FFB damage (Pearson correlation: r = 0.628, p < 0.001). Ripe FFB had a higher mean damage (7.72 ± 0.66%) compared to unripe FFB (6.01 ± 0.38%), but the difference was not statistically significant (Independent samples t-test: P>0.05). In lab tests, R. rattus diardii showed the highest diet preference for bananas, with an 83.84% acceptance rate and a feeding ratio of 1:5 compared to oil palm loose fruits. This suggests intercropping of oil palm with bananas can attract rats to oil palm fields, but banana can also be considered for developing palatable baits for rodent control. Next, rodenticide bait efficacy was evaluated by fresh rat damage on FFB, bait acceptance, and trap success.
Life Table, Interspecific Competition, And The Influence Of Insect Growth Regulator On The Biology Of Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma Serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)
(2019-04)
Liew, Chiew Liang
The life table of Lasioderma serricorne (F.), interspecific competition between L. serricorne and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), and the influence of methoprene and pyriproxifen on the biology of L. serricorne were investigated. Two strains of L. serricorne (USM and Japan strains) were reared under optimum conditions of 30 ± 2°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity (r. h.), and 16-hour photoperiod. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) between the total development time for all immature stages, adult longevity, and lifetime fecundity per female of the USM and the Japan strains. There were also no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two strains for population parameters n, instantaneous rate of increase; net reproductive rate; and T, mean generation time. L. serricorne was reared together in limited food source with T. castaneum and O. surinamensis to study the effect of interspecific competition between the three stored product beetles.
Effects Of Droplet-Vitrification Cryopreservation Method On Ludisia Discolor For Long-Term Germplasm Conservation
(2024-04)
Burkhan, Hazirah
Ludisia belongs to a group of slow-growth terrestrial orchids cultivated for their attractive ornamental leaves, commonly referred to as ‘Jewel Orchids’. They are steadily dwindling in their natural population through habitat loss and indiscriminate collection of wild orchids. Therefore, cryopreservation as a long-term storage approach offers a complementary conservation strategy that safeguards against accidental loss. Although some cryopreservation methods have been developed for several genera of the Orchidaceae family, the cryopreservation method for Ludisia species has not been documented before. Therefore, this study reported the first attempt of long-term storage of L. discolor, using a droplet-vitrification method. The present study sought to examine the effects of cryopreserving L. discolor orchid supported with qualitative analyses using microscopy, biochemical, and molecular. Critical parameters such as preculture sucrose concentrations and durations, plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) durations and temperatures, growth recovery medium, and different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra were assessed. The survivability of axillary bud was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) spectrophotometric analysis and visual inspection.
Genome-wide Identification And Functional Characterisation Of Β-1,3-glucanase Genes During Biotic And Abiotic Stresses In Hevea Brasiliensis
(2024-08)
Lui, Xin Jie
Natural rubber (NR) is one of the most widely used industrial raw materials while Hevea brasiliensis is the most exclusive species to produce high-quality NR commercially. However, the cultivation of H. brasiliensis faces numerous challenges which can negatively impact the production of natural rubber, such as the specific growth environment requirement of H. brasiliensis and its high susceptibility to fungal infections. Hence, the studies on disease-resistance related genes as well as breeding new disease-resistant varieties are crucial to maintain the role of H. brasiliensis as the promising source of natural rubber. β-1,3-glucanases (GLUs) are pathogenesis-related proteins that belong to the family of PR-2 proteins and can be abundantly found in H. brasiliensis. Besides their significance in physiological and developmental processes, they are vital in defending against microbial pathogen invasion with direct fungicidal effects. A few nucleotide sequences encoding GLUs have been identified from H. brasiliensis with their overexpression in response to a few fungal pathogens. However, the main challenges for utilising GLUs in the crop improvement include the lack of curated and characterised GLU gene sequences and understanding regarding the respective gene expression under different physiological conditions. In the current study, GLU sequences deposited in various databases were obtained, manually curated, analysed the gene features and the gene expression analysis under various conditions: different stages of leaves, abiotic and biotic stress.

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