Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat - Tesis

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    Rhamnolipid As Antifungal Agent Against Pyricularia Oryzae And Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Blast And Sheath Blight Diseases Of Paddy
    (2024-09)
    Shukri, Izah Adlina Mohamad
    Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani are fungi causing blast and sheath blight diseases of paddy (Oryza sativa) in Malaysia. The use of disease resistant rice varieties and fungicides to control both diseases might increase the fungal resistance and the discharge of chemicals into watercourses. This research evaluates the antifungal activity of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2 which is more sustainable than chemical fungicides. Seven isolates of Pyricularia sp. and eight isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. from thirty isolates were successfully obtained from blast and sheath blight symptoms in a paddy field in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. Pathogenicity test confirmed that all Pyricularia sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. isolates were pathogenic by showing a typical blast as an orange brown edge diamond-shaped and sheath blight as an irregular water-soaked. Morphological characterisation and molecular identification of one representative isolate from each group confirmed the identity as P. oryzae USM-PD1 and R. solani USM-PD2. Moreover, antifungal evaluation of rhamnolipid against both fungi demonstrated retarded mycelia with lysis and lesion, as well as slow growth on plates. The highest percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) for P. oryzae USM-PD1 was achieved at 2000 ppm (48.30 ± 1.18%). Meanwhile, PIDG and percentage inhibition of sclerotia (PISC) number of R. solani USM-PD2 were obtained at 10 000 ppm (60.00 ± 2.35%) and 800 ppm (100%), respectively.
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    Mealworms And Crickets As Protein Sources In Complete Rations Formulated With Kenaf, Yeast And Cereal Grains For Ruminants In Malaysia
    (2024-08)
    Yusoff, Husna Fasihah Mohd
    Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) as a protein source were evaluated for the production of high quality ruminant feed in Malaysia. Nutrient evaluations were also conducted on fibre source, namely kenaf. Whereas molasses, corn and wheat grains were energy sources. Nutrients evaluation in ruminant feed production should not only focused on protein alone but also included metabolizable energy, crude fibre and crude lipid. The feedstuff evaluated in this study suggested that they are potentially high in protein and energy. Both mealworms and crickets were found to contain high amounts of protein, while corn and wheat contained high energy with moderate crude protein contents. While kenaf showed high potential as fibre source for ruminants. This study also evaluated the use of dried malt extract, molasses and sugar in substrates fermentation for yeast production. In this study, multiple energy sources were utilised which contributed to the lowering of feed costs while enhancing the feed formulation. The novelty in this research was the insects used to replace soybean meal as a protein source in ruminant feed formulation. Insects have been widely included as a protein source in poultry industry. However, information on the use of insects as protein source in the ruminants is still limited. Hence, in order to determine the nutritional value of feed ingredients, several feed analysis were also carried out in each ingredients. Proximate analysis on feed ingredients were conducted and reported in chapters 3 to 7.
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    Efficacy And Autodissemination Of Aedestech Mosquito Home System (Amhs) On Aedes Mosquitoes In Laboratory And Small-scale Field Study
    (2024-09)
    Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Ovitrap deployment stands as a viable strategy for Aedes mosquito control. This study evaluated the efficacy of an autodissemination ovitrap called AedesTech Mosquito Home System (AMHS), which incorporates pyriproxyfen. This study encompassed laboratory trials and a small-scale field study. The objective of the field study was to comprehensively assess the impact of AMHS on Aedes, non-target insects, and dengue infection rates in mosquitoes. Within the laboratory trials, these investigations unfolded across two species of mosquitoes: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Three distinct facets were explored in the laboratory trials: the influence of an attractant on the oviposition, the effect of trap positioning on oviposition, and the selection of oviposition sites. The field study conducted in Asoka Apartment, Pulau Pinang, unfolded in three successive periods: baseline study, effectiveness study, and autodissemination study. Concurrently, the accuracy of the AedesTech Mobile App (ATA) was scrutinized. The laboratory results indicated the Mosquito Home Aqua (MHAQ) solution with attractant consistently attracted Ae. aegypti effectively (Welch's ANOVA, F(2,68.66)=5.22,p=0.01). However, its efficacy with Ae. albopictus was suboptimal compared to other treatments (Two-way ANOVA, F=0.16,df=2,p>0.05), highlighting the need for considering additional attractants. Notably, the placement of AMHS exhibited no discernible impact on its attractiveness for both mosquito species (T-test,p>0.05), underscoring the flexibility in trap deployment.
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    Biochemical Characterization And Analysis Of Moringa Oleifera Seeds On Mcf7 Cells
    (2019-07)
    Ismail Abiola, Adebayo
    In this study, the antioxidant activity of the plant seed and its antiproliferative effect against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cells were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms of actions involved were unravelled using molecular biological methods such as 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2- DE), western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) tests showed that all the extracts and fractions from the seeds have antioxidant capacities.
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    Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Of Semi-Captive Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) In Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Perak, Malaysia
    (2019-08)
    Saad, Nurulanis Safia
    This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in twenty-one semi-captive orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Perak. Samples were collected twice monthly with three replicates in period of one year (December 2014-December 2015). Five methods were used to screen for gastrointestinal parasites, protozoan parasites and parasitic eggs of worm.