Genetic Variations Of Nine Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups In Peninsular Malaysia Using Autosomal And Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats (Strs) Analysis
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Date
2016-09
Authors
Alwi, Aedrianee Reeza
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
The Malay population of Peninsular Malaysia consists of various sub-ethnic groups due to years of immigration and assimilation of various ethnicity and tribes within maritime of Southeast Asia. In this study, a total of 290 blood samples were collected from 9 Malay sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia consisting of Acheh, Champa, Rawa, Kedah, Minangkabau, Bugis, Jawa, Banjar and Kelantan and spotted onto FTA® Classic Card. The genetic variations for 15 autosomal STRs were performed. The male DNA samples were further analyzed on the 17 Y-chromosome STRs. The alleles observed were polymorphic and the average gene diversity (GD) for the 15 autosomal STRs across the nine Malay sub-ethnic groups ranging from 0.7681 to 0.8028 where as the 17 Y-STRs gene diversity ranging from 0.6144 to 0.7165. The combined power of discrimination of the 15 autosomal STRs for the Acheh, Champa, Rawa, Kedah, Minangkabau, Bugis, Kelantan, Jawa and Banjar were 1 in 4.809 x 1013, 1 in 4.352 x 1014, 1 in 4.871 x 1015, 1 in 2.493 x 1016, 1 in 8.439 x 1016, 1 in 1.910 x 1015, 1 in 1.877 x 1017, 1 in 5.519 x 1015 and 1 in 9.020x 1016, respectively. The values of the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the 15 autosomal STRs ranging from 0.40 to 0.86 and 0.10 to 0.87 for the 17 Y-STRs. There is no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) among the nine Malay sub-ethnic groups. For the Y-STRs analysis, 138 haplotypes were observed and among them 125 haplotypes were unique. The haplotype diversity
calculated for the nine Malays sub-ethnic groups was 0.99845, thus indicating that the haplotypes found in this study is highly variable and polymorphic. The phylograms, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi- Dimensional Scaling (MDS) plots generated also indicated similar population cluster of the nine Malay sub-ethnic groups and indicated a close genetic relationship with the Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. The autosomal STR and Y-STR markers used are very robust and suitable for individualization in forensic case work analysis since it has high discrimination power to discriminate between individuals.
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Keywords
Assimilation of various ethnicity and tribes , within maritime of Southeast Asia.