Implikasi sokongan sosial keluarga dan persekitaran terhadap perkembangan kanak-kanak cacat fizikal di Kabupaten Bandung, Indonesia

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Date
2014-09
Authors
Andayani, Rini Hartini Rinda
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Abstract
Social support is one of the important elements influencing the development of physically disabled children. The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze: (1) characteristics of the physically disabled children in Pemeungpeuk, Bandung District; (2) characteristics of the physically disabled families; (3) types of social support the physically disabled children received from their families and the environment, before and after implemention of the model; (4) development of the physically disabled children before and after implementation of the model; and (5) recommendations and implementation of the parental and environmental social support development model. This action research involves eight children, eight mothers, five fathers, an aunt and a grandparent as informants. Data collection technique is by in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participatory observation and document analysis. Based on the initial assessment, a model of family and the social environment support has been developed.The model covers three levels at micro, messo and macro. Activities at micro level include education, training and counseling for mother, father and child. At messo level, self-help group for mothers has been established, while dissemination about disability to the community has been conducted at the macro level. Before the application of the model most of the children are dependent in ADL ability. Relationship with environment, especially with peers experiencing barriers and most of the children’s emotional state is unstable. Although the social support of the family before model implementation existed, however, it was not at the optimal level due to limited xviii support from the children peer group and the environment. After the model implementation, parents’ social support increased including the instrumental, informational, emotional and environmental supports as well as self-esteem. Improved changes of the children were also observed from the physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Ability to performed activity of daily living (ADL) independently was also observed among seven children with only one that still required support. Relationship with peer groups was observed to be increasing due to the children’s confidence. Psychological and emotional development of the children improved. This action research process involving the active participation of informants in the development of social support model of parents and the environment through micro, messo and macro activities have all contributed to the positive development of physically disabled children.
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Kanak-kanak Cacat Fizikal
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