Rainwater harvesting system for surau an-nur, taman pekaka, nibong tebal, penang
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Date
2018-06
Authors
Nor Hafilia Azami
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Abstract
The microstructural evaluation of complex cementitious materials has been made
possible by the microscopic imaging tools such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
and X-Ray Microanalysis. Particularly, the application of concrete SEM imaging and
digital image analysis have become common in the analysis and mapping of concrete
technology either in the qualitative or quantitative manner. In this study, six samples of
two-dimensional (2D) SEM images were spatially transformed using the standard
resampling process to produce Geo-referenced SEM sample images. Subsequently, these
resampled SEM images were analysed and the intensity histogram plot was produced to
facilitate visual interpretation. The consecutive digital image analysis performed was the
enhancement and noise removal process using two filtering methods i.e. median and
adaptive box filter. The filtered resampled images, then undergone the unsupervised KMeans classification process to collectively separate each individual pixel corresponds
to the spectral data. By spatial segmentation of K-Means algorithms, the cluster groups
generated were carefully reviewed before proceeding to the final analysis. From the
resulting data, the mapping of the spatial distribution of k-cluster and the quantification
of micro-cracks (voids) were performed. The final results of the SEM images (sample 1
to 4) showed higher percentage of k-cluster data indicating a good correlation with the
major elemental composition of EDX analysis, namely Oxide (O), Silicon (Si) and
Carbon (C). Meanwhile, the subjective visual assessment of the image sample 5 and 6
has confirmed the micro-crack developments on the concrete SEM images upon which
the crack density was 3.02 % and 1.30 %, respectively.