Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Monograf

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Cost comparison for non-seismic and seismic design of a rectangular building structure located on different soil types based on Malaysian annex
(2021-07-27)
Toh, Wei Jian
Malaysia is situated in an earthquake-free zone. However, due to incidents that questioned the integrity of the existing buildings that were designed without considering seismic load, the construction industry in Malaysia will be adopting Malaysian National Annex (NA) to Eurocode 8 (EC 8). However, there is limited information on the material cost change if earthquake resistant design implemented in Malaysia. Objective of this study are to determine the cost difference between building structure with seismic and non- seismic design and to evaluate the effect of different soil type to the overall material cost of the main building structural frame. Five types of RC building frame categorised as 10 storeys, 15 storeys, 20 storeys, 25 storeys and 30 storeys were analysed and designed using ETABS software. The reinforced concrete building designed based on EC 2 and redesigned according to EC 8 with peak ground acceleration, αgR 0.06g reflecting the low seismic zone in Malaysia for ductility class low (DCL) and also with soil type A, D and E which reflecting the common soil type in Malaysia. The results showed that overall cost for building models situated on soil type A and subjected to seismic load decreased in the range of 3% - 13% compared to the non-seismic design. Soil type D showed an increase in the percentage difference from 10 storeys until 25 storeys, which is in the range of 2% - 15%. After 25 storeys, the percentage difference of cost of material was found to reduce by 2% for 30 storeys. Other than that, soil type E showed an increase in the percentage difference from 10 storeys until 20 storeys, which is in the range of 0% - 8%. The percentage difference of cost of material tends to reduce by 3% -7 % on 25 storeys onward. This is due to the significant wind load effect on high-rise building. It can be concluded that building models situated soil type D showed the highest increase in the cost among the soil types compared to non-seismic design due to the high value of base shear force, Fb and spectral acceleration at the fundamental period T1.
A systematic literature review(slr) on the utilizationof ultra-highperformancefibre-reinforced concrete(uhpfrc) for repair and strengthening application
(2022-07-01)
Raul Hakim Bin Roseli
This dissertation presents a systematic literature review about the utilisation of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) to repair and strengthen damaged concrete . There are two objectives of this review. First is to identify the different cases of concrete deterioration and the corresponding utilization of UHPFRC in the repair and strengthening applications. The next objective is to compare and assess the effectiveness ofthe use of UHPFRCin differentrepair and strengtheningapplications based on the available literatures. UHPFRC is a cementitious composite that has compressive strength higher than 150 MPa. The high strength of the concrete is thanks to its high cement content, making it suitable to be used as repair material. From the Scopus database, there were 12 articles that had been identified for this review. Systematic searching strategies was used to filter out irrelevant articles and the articles are filtered again through quality assessment to further remove low quality articles. In this review, the usage of UHPFRC that is used to repair different cases of concrete deterioration were discussed. From the articles reviewed, it showed that UHPFRC is already widely used for treating concrete damaged by corrosion, cracking and ASR. Also, various kind of methods were used to apply the UHPFRC onto the damaged concrete. Based on the studies reviewed, the effectiveness of the repaired concrete was found to be acceptable.Although UHPFRChave high compressive strength, the selection of repair material should be based on the deformation mechanism, site condition, and client requirement because different repair materials come with different advantages and disadvantages. Knowing these properties should be helpful to decide the most suitable material needed for repair works.
An assessment of national sulphur dioxide (so2) monitoring network in Malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Mohammad Asri, Nor Shuhada
The ambient air quality in Malaysia is monitored continuously and manually by the Department of Environment (DOE) to detect any changes in the ambient air quality status that may cause harm to human health and the environment. The DOE monitor the air quality through a network of 51 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (CAQM) stations located in residential, traffic and industrial areas throughout the country. This study is to analyze the SO2 concentrations at five different areas which are Jerantut, Melaka, Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai in 2006 and 2007. CAQM station in Melaka located at residential areas while CAQM stations in Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai located at the industrial areas. The results from the analysis using SPSS software were plotted in the graphs to compare the SO2 concentrations at each CAQM stations. From the descriptive statistics, Perai had the highest SO2 concentrations in 2006 while in 2007 Pasir Gudang had the highest SO2 concentrations which were 0.024 ppm and 0.0283 ppm respectively. For the mean SO2 concentrations, Nilai contributed highest concentrations in 2006 while Pasir Gudang contributed the highest concentrations in 2007. All the daily SO2 concentration does not exceed the limit of Ambient Air Quality Guideline which is 0.04 ppm for 24 hours. The sources of pollutant mostly came from industrial activities. Stationary sources were the major sources which are power plants, industrial fuel burning processes and domestic fuel burning. The other possible sources of air pollution that play important role is wind distribution. After completion of the study, the new reference station for industrial areas is proposed in Perai to assist in policy making in order to control emission from industries activities.
An assessment of national pm10 monitoring network in malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Dullah, Aidatul Akmal
Recently, air pollution is one the most important issues of concern to the public. The growth in industrial areas directly increases the traffic density of that area. Hence it will increase the air pollution particularly PM10. This research investigates the concentration of PM10 for year 2006 and 2007 in five different areas that includes industrial, residential and background. SPSS and WRPlot view software were used to obtain the descriptive statistics and wind distribution for each station. From the descriptive statistics, Nilai station records the highest concentration for both years that is 231.750 µg/m3 in 2006 and 123.580 µg/m3 in 2007. It was found that industrial areas have contributed to the highest concentration on PM10. The comparison between each industrial station with background and residential station also shows the similar findings. From time series result, both three industrial stations show the peak value especially during 2006. This is due to short period of haze event in 2006, which affects the air quality during that year. Many factors influence PM10 concentration in the atmosphere. One of the main factors is seasonal variations. Mostly, maximum concentration and highest peak occur during southwest monsoon due to dry weather period. From the wind distribution, the possible sources of pollutant were determined. Industrial areas were the major sources of pollutant, followed by emission from vehicles, power plant and open burning activities. Based on the analysis, Perai station shows the lowest concentration compared to Nilai and Pasir Gudang. Hence, it was proposed to be the reference station for industrial area.
A study on water quality and phosphorus content in sediment of bukit merah reservoir
(2011-05-01)
Samsudin, Umulnajwa
This study describes the water quality at Bukit Merah Reservoir in term of Water Quality Index (WQI). To describe the water quality, several parameter index are been used such as Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonical Nitrogen (NH3-N), pH and Suspended Solid (SS). Laboratory test has been conducted in order to get the parameters value. While the index parameter value is been determined by using sub- index equation. The results of analysis are related to suitable uses of the reservoir based on the class of water presented in Department of Environment Water Classes. Despite water quality measurement, this study also described the Total Phosphorus (TP) content in the lake’s sediment. As a minor study, Total Nitrogen (TN) also are evaluated. Both TN and TN amount in the sediment is determined by conducting laboratory test. For TP, Molybdovanadate Method is used while for TN Persulphate Digestion method is used. The findings of TP and TN are compared with the findings of previous study about it. There is highly infrastructure development at the case study area which is railways construction on going. Besides, increasing of agricultural scheme and residential area are the source of water and sediment pollution at the case study area.

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