Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Monograf

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An assessment of national sulphur dioxide (so2) monitoring network in Malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Mohammad Asri, Nor Shuhada
The ambient air quality in Malaysia is monitored continuously and manually by the Department of Environment (DOE) to detect any changes in the ambient air quality status that may cause harm to human health and the environment. The DOE monitor the air quality through a network of 51 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (CAQM) stations located in residential, traffic and industrial areas throughout the country. This study is to analyze the SO2 concentrations at five different areas which are Jerantut, Melaka, Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai in 2006 and 2007. CAQM station in Melaka located at residential areas while CAQM stations in Nilai, Pasir Gudang and Perai located at the industrial areas. The results from the analysis using SPSS software were plotted in the graphs to compare the SO2 concentrations at each CAQM stations. From the descriptive statistics, Perai had the highest SO2 concentrations in 2006 while in 2007 Pasir Gudang had the highest SO2 concentrations which were 0.024 ppm and 0.0283 ppm respectively. For the mean SO2 concentrations, Nilai contributed highest concentrations in 2006 while Pasir Gudang contributed the highest concentrations in 2007. All the daily SO2 concentration does not exceed the limit of Ambient Air Quality Guideline which is 0.04 ppm for 24 hours. The sources of pollutant mostly came from industrial activities. Stationary sources were the major sources which are power plants, industrial fuel burning processes and domestic fuel burning. The other possible sources of air pollution that play important role is wind distribution. After completion of the study, the new reference station for industrial areas is proposed in Perai to assist in policy making in order to control emission from industries activities.
An assessment of national pm10 monitoring network in malaysia
(2011-05-01)
Dullah, Aidatul Akmal
Recently, air pollution is one the most important issues of concern to the public. The growth in industrial areas directly increases the traffic density of that area. Hence it will increase the air pollution particularly PM10. This research investigates the concentration of PM10 for year 2006 and 2007 in five different areas that includes industrial, residential and background. SPSS and WRPlot view software were used to obtain the descriptive statistics and wind distribution for each station. From the descriptive statistics, Nilai station records the highest concentration for both years that is 231.750 µg/m3 in 2006 and 123.580 µg/m3 in 2007. It was found that industrial areas have contributed to the highest concentration on PM10. The comparison between each industrial station with background and residential station also shows the similar findings. From time series result, both three industrial stations show the peak value especially during 2006. This is due to short period of haze event in 2006, which affects the air quality during that year. Many factors influence PM10 concentration in the atmosphere. One of the main factors is seasonal variations. Mostly, maximum concentration and highest peak occur during southwest monsoon due to dry weather period. From the wind distribution, the possible sources of pollutant were determined. Industrial areas were the major sources of pollutant, followed by emission from vehicles, power plant and open burning activities. Based on the analysis, Perai station shows the lowest concentration compared to Nilai and Pasir Gudang. Hence, it was proposed to be the reference station for industrial area.
A study on water quality and phosphorus content in sediment of bukit merah reservoir
(2011-05-01)
Samsudin, Umulnajwa
This study describes the water quality at Bukit Merah Reservoir in term of Water Quality Index (WQI). To describe the water quality, several parameter index are been used such as Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonical Nitrogen (NH3-N), pH and Suspended Solid (SS). Laboratory test has been conducted in order to get the parameters value. While the index parameter value is been determined by using sub- index equation. The results of analysis are related to suitable uses of the reservoir based on the class of water presented in Department of Environment Water Classes. Despite water quality measurement, this study also described the Total Phosphorus (TP) content in the lake’s sediment. As a minor study, Total Nitrogen (TN) also are evaluated. Both TN and TN amount in the sediment is determined by conducting laboratory test. For TP, Molybdovanadate Method is used while for TN Persulphate Digestion method is used. The findings of TP and TN are compared with the findings of previous study about it. There is highly infrastructure development at the case study area which is railways construction on going. Besides, increasing of agricultural scheme and residential area are the source of water and sediment pollution at the case study area.
A study on structural behaviour of plastic chairwheel concrete spacer
(2011-05-01)
Tan, Wei Shung
The purpose for this study was to determine the compression capacity of spacers used in the construction industry by means of experimental work, and to study load distribution within the structural of spacer by means of computational analysis. Plastic chair and wheel spacer samples were obtained from a local manufacturer of plastic spacers. Samples were tested to obtain a load displacement curve using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Comparison between wheel spacer and chair spacer was made. The maximum compressive load for spacers with various cover depths were tested for chair spacer. The material of the plastic spacers obtained from the manufacture had mix proportions of polypropylene (PP) and recyclable material. Computational analysis was carried out using finite element analysis software LUSAS. A finite element analysis using 3D elements was carried out to study the load distribution. Experimental results show that the maximum capacity and displacement of plastic chair spacer is higher than that of plastic wheel spacer. Current most used and available plastic wheel spacer of cover 35 mm can support an average maximum loading of 0.4537 kN. The weakest link in a plastic wheel spacer is its outer legs. Current most used and available plastic chair spacer of cover 50 mm, 40 mm and 30 mm, can support an average maximum loading of 1.185 kN, 1.148 kN, 1.850 kN respectively. Plastic chair spacers could take up to four times the maximum compressive load capacity compared to plastic wheel chair spacer for the same cover. Results of computational analysis on a chair spacer show that the trend of behaviour could be simulated satisfactorily. However, the compression capacity showed significant difference in magnitude due to unavailability of stress strain data of the actual material used for the spacer. Both laboratory test observations and computational analysis shows that the center column of the chair spacer plays a significant role in the load distribution which leads to its loss in cover as a result of compression displacement.
A study on average travel speed at two-lane highways in malaysia
(2011-03-01)
Tan, Yong Kee
Average travel speed (ATS) is currently one of the crucial performance indicators in the determination for the level of service for two-way two-lane highways in Malaysia. It has become a common practice for designers in Malaysia to use guidelines based on the US HCM when designing these highways. Therefore, this study to investigate the ATS on Malaysian two-lane two-way highways is crucial in order to identify the real traffic conditions. This investigation is done to reveal the relationship between ATS and Free Flow Speed, factors affecting ATS as well as the relationship between ATS of passenger car and traffic compositions. The result shows that ATS is directly proportional to FFS, lane width and shoulder width. However, ATS is found to be inversely proportional to access point density. ATS increases when percentage of no passing zones increases which is at 11.43% to 55.67% of no-passing zones. After reaching a maximum point at 55.67% of no-passing zone, ATS will decrease when the percentage of no-passing zone continues to increase which is at of 55.67% to 85.71% of no-passing zones. For the case of ATSpc, it is directly proportional to the increase in percentage of class 2 and class 3 vehicles as well as the Free Flow Speed of passenger cars. However, it is inversely proportional to the increase of the class 4 and class 5 vehicles.

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