LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS (LVM) AND LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX (LVMI) IN NORMAL MALAY PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
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Date
2012
Authors
Fazila, Mat Arifin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Introduction
Left ventricular mass (LVM) and Left ventricular mass Index (LVMI) are two parameters
that are considered important in predicting the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Even though there are a lot of interest in the problem of left ventricular hypertrophy in
children, there is relatively little published data on normal values of the left ventricular mass
(LVM) during the developmental age.
Methodology
A cross sectional study was conducted from October to November, 2009 at
SekolahKebangsaanLundang, Kota Bharu. Normal primary school children from preschool,
Standard 2,4 and 6 were included in this study. Children with history of heart problem or
hypertension, abnormal physical examination or echocardiogram findings and abnormal BMI
were excluded. A set of questionnaires and consent were obtained from parents prior to the
examination. Physical examination, weight, height, blood pressure and echocardiogram
measurements were recorded. LVM measurement was calculated by echocardiogram
machine and LVMI was calculated by dividing LVM to height in meter power of 2.7
(LVM/height2.7). Percentile charts were created from the data available according to age,
weight, height, BSA and BMI. The factors affecting LVM and LVMI were identified using
simple linear regression (SLR). Multiple linear regressions (MLR) was performed to
determine the final model affecting LVM and LVMI.
Results
The most acceptable percentile chart in our study was percentile chart according to age.
Factors affecting LVM were age, weight, height, BMI, BSA and SBP. While factors affecting
LVMI were age, weight, height and BSA. Echocardiogram measurements found that aortic
root, aortic arch and MV annulus affect LVM, whereas aortic root (annulus), aortic arch, Left
atrium and MV annulus affect LVMI. From multiple linear regressions, we identified that
weight and SBP had strong correlation with LVM while age, SBP and height had strong
correlation with LVMI.
Conclusion
We have provided a pilot percentile chart for LVM and LVMI of normal school children
between aged 5 to 12 years old but larger sample size would be able to produce a better
percentile chart. LVM was most affected by weight and SBP whereas LVMI were affected by
age, SBP and height. We provided a formula to estimate the LVM (r2= 0.24) and LVMI (r2=
0.40) with standard error of 22.97 and 13.74. The formula as below:
LVM (g) = -6.81 + 1.05(weight in kg) + 0.42(SBP in mmHg)
LVMI = 94.23+1.87(age in years) – 80.32(height in meters) +0.26(SBP in mmHg)
Description
Keywords
Pediatrics