Utilization Of Modified Waste Staghorn Coral As A Base Catalyst In Biodiesel Production

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dc.contributor.authorZul, Nabilah Atiqah
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-21T07:41:58Z
dc.date.available2021-02-21T07:41:58Z
dc.date.issued2019-05
dc.description.abstractThis work focuses on producing a novel catalyst to synthesize methyl esters from triglycerides by the reaction with methanol. Firstly, calcium oxide derived from staghorn coral was characterized and applied in the transesterification process of refined, bleached and deodorized, (RBD) palm olein. The reaction only yielded about 62.1 ± 4.3 % methyl esters. Therefore, a catalyst modification was carried out by impregnating the staghorn coral with potassium hydroxide, KOH as an effort to further enhance its catalytic effect. The modified catalyst (K-CSC) was then used as a base catalyst in the methanolysis of RBD palm olein and waste cooking oil. For RBD palm olein transesterification, the best reaction conditions to obtain methyl esters content of 94.8 ± 0.5 % was found to be 4 wt.% catalyst, 4 h reaction time, and 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. Besides that, K-CSC catalyst also successfully transesterified waste cooking oil at the reaction conditions of 4 wt.% catalyst, 5 h reaction time and 18:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and produced 89.5 ± 4.8 % biodiesel. The reusability of K-CSC catalyst was also studied and unfortunately, the catalyst has poor reusability characteristic. The free fatty acid (FFA) and water tolerance analyses of K-CSC catalyst has revealed its poor ability to tolerate with free fatty acid and water presence.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11415
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversiti Sains Malaysiaen_US
dc.subjectWaste Staghorn Coralen_US
dc.subjectBase Catalysten_US
dc.titleUtilization Of Modified Waste Staghorn Coral As A Base Catalyst In Biodiesel Productionen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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