Dinamik kumpulan terpinggir: kes kajian FWKP dalam membolehkan perkhidmatan pendidikan dan kesihatan asas di Kota Palembang, Indonesia
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Date
2014
Authors
Sarkawi, Djuni Thamrin
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Abstract
This study examines the dynamics of the struggle of a group of underprivileged people
to obtain rights to free basic education and health services under of a social welfare fora
known as the FWKP (Forum Wong Kito Plembang) in Palembang, South Sumatra,
Indonesia. The objectives of the study are to: 1) investigate what forms of struggle
under-privileged groups in Palembang used to obtain the right to social protection,
particularly basic education and health; 2) examine the details of social change that
occurred in FWKP as part of the empowerment process; 3) analyse FWKP’s
contribution to the improvement of social life; and 4) develop a model of organizing and
empowering citizens’ forums that can be used to improve the ability of other
communities to advocate for changes to social policy. The study uses qualitative
research techniques involving a total of 140 respondents: 110 respondents were
members of FWKP, and an additional 30 respondents as non-members of FWKP. They
were selected through purposive random samping. Data collection techniques involved
in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory observations. This study
answered all the research questions. The research findings describe community gains
and individual achievements as a result of their struggles via FWKP. Benefits enjoyed
by FWKP members included accessing free education and health services; renovating
homes; and income generating bonuses. FWKP as an organization was able to increase
the bargaining position of the group of under-privileged in their interactions with the
city government and other stakeholders. Based on the findings of the study, the author
developed a new model of people's empowerment that can be used to help improve the
participation of poor people in Palembang. This model can be used to help empower
groups of under-privileged people to obtain social protections services in the context of
a medium-sized city (1 million - 1.5 million inhabitants).