Preparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rattan And Bamboo Waste For Color And Cod Removal

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dc.contributor.authorAbdulrahman Ahmad, Abdulbari
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-14T07:15:59Z
dc.date.available2017-02-14T07:15:59Z
dc.date.issued2010-10
dc.description.abstractThe focus of this work was to study the feasibility of producing mesoporous activated carbons from agriculture waste by-products low cost and available in Malaysia, namely rattan and bamboo waste. The adsorption perfonnance of the rattan activated carbon (RAC) and bamboo activated carbon (BMAC) were evaluated for the removal of dyes C.I. Disperse Orang30 (D030), C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and C.I. Vat Blue 4 (VB4)) from synthetic wastewater and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color reduction of a real cotton textile mill effluent. The activated carbons RAC and BMAC were prepared by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid (H3P04) as a chemical agent. Statistical design of an experiment (DOE) was used to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize three preparation variables activation temperature 400-600 °C, activation time 1-3 and (wt %) (H3P04 : precursor) impregnation ratios (IR) 3:1- 6:1 for the carbons yield and adsorption perfonnances. The optimum conditions for RAC and BMAC were obtained by using temperature of 501 - 556 °C activation times of 1.79 - 2.33 h and a chemical impregnation ratio of 4.70:1, 5.23:1, respectively. The optimized activated carbons were characterized by BET surface area analysis, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and EA. The activated carbons characteristic prepared under the optimum conditions were BET surface areas (1 037.18, 988.24 m2/g), total pore volume (0.66, 0.69 cm3 /g) and the average pore diameters (2.56, 2.82 nm), for RAC and BMAC, respectively. The activated carbons prepared were in the mesopores region according to the IUP A C. The SEM images revealed large and well-developed pores on the surface structure of the activated carbons. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups on the activated carbons surface. The effect of various experimental parameters for synthetic and industrial wastewater in a batch system such as temperature (30 -50 °C), pH (2-12), initial dyes concentration (50-500 mg/L), and contact time, were investigated. Adsorption isothenns, kinetics and thermodynamics of synthetic wastewater on activated carbons were detennined from batch tests. The equilibrium data for both activated carbons were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model, which fits the data very well at different temperatures studied. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. All the systems show favourable adsorption of the synthetic and industrial wastewater. In fixed bed column experiments, the effects of an inlet effluent concentration, feed flow rate and activated carbon bed height on the breakthrough curves were determined. The highest bed capacities of RAC on industrial wastewater and BMAC on synthetic wastewater were obtained at 80 mm bed height and 10 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption data were fitted to three-wellestablished fixed bed adsorption models namely, Adam-Bohart, Thomas and Y oonNelson models. The results showed that Thomas and Yoon-Nelson were the best models with high coefficients of correlation and lower percentage errors ( s%) at different conditions. The regeneration efficiencies of the spent activated carbons were studied with acetic acid solvent. The results indicate that RAC and BMAC were suitable adsorbents for treatment of synthetic and industrial wastewater.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3721
dc.subjectthe feasibility of producing mesoporous activated carbonsen_US
dc.subjectfrom agriculture waste by-products low cost.en_US
dc.titlePreparation And Characterization Of Activated Carbons From Rattan And Bamboo Waste For Color And Cod Removalen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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