Adsorption of methylene blue and 2,4-diciilorophenol onto modified activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste
| dc.contributor.author | Shaarani, Farra Wahida | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2015-07-29T06:52:19Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2015-07-29T06:52:19Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The expensive cost of starting materials used to prepare commercial activated carbon and the difficulties in regenerating the used activated carbon restricted the activated carbon usage in wastewater treatment industries. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to prepare and modified activated carbons from agricultural wastes abundantly available in Malaysia, namely' oil palm fibre (OPF) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Activated carbons were prepared via chemical activation by using phosphoric acid (H3P04) and modification of prepared activated carbons were made via chemical treatment by using citric acid (CA) and ammonia (NH3) solution. The potential feasibility of prepare'-' activated carbons were tested for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). All prepared activated carbons possess high surface areas and total pores volumes whereas the average pore diameters for all samples were greater than 2.2 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed that homogeneous pores were well developed on the surface of activated carbons while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses verified the presence of various functional groups on the surface of activated carbons. The batch adsorption study was carried out at different initial concentrations of adsorbate (MB: 50-500 mg/L, 2,4-DCP: 25-250 mg/L), contact time, solution temperature (30-50 °C) and solution pH (2-12). The adsorption uptakes of MB and 2,4-DCP showed the same trend where with the increasing of initial concentration the adsorption uptake will increase. MB removal were maximum at pH 12 while 2,4- DCP removal were the highest at pH 2. All adsorbate-adsorbent systems were showing the same trend where they were well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the data fitted well pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Modified activated carbons via chemical treatment were proven to enhance the uptake of adsorbate. This work revealed that modification of activated carbons via acidic treatment enhanced the adsorption uptake of MB between 26.32 to 46.43% while basic treatment applied on activated carbons improved adsorption uptake of 2,4-DCP between 22.86 to 39.13%. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea}, enthalpy (M?), entropy (~S") and free energy (~G0) :were also evaluated. All prepared activated carbons demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility for the removal ofMB and 2,4-DCP. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/831 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | Methylene blue and 2,4-dichlorophenol | en_US |
| dc.subject | Activated carbons | en_US |
| dc.title | Adsorption of methylene blue and 2,4-diciilorophenol onto modified activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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