Fabrication And Characterisation Of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based On Natural Rubber, Carbonyl Iron And Waste Natural Rubber Glove Powder
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Date
2019-08-01
Authors
Lai, Ngoc Thien
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are a new class of elastomeric
composites consisting of a rubber matrix and magnetic particles. In this work MREs
based on natural rubber (NR), waste natural rubber glove powder (WGP) and carbonyl
iron particles (CIP) were successfully produced. The Taguchi method was utilised to
study the effect of three pre-structuring factors - time, temperature and applied
magnetic field on tan δ and tensile properties and predict the optimum combination of
factors. Results indicated that magnetic field had the greatest influence on tan δ over
1 – 100 Hz frequency range while pre-curing time and magnetic field had the greatest
influence on tan δ over 0.1 – 6% strain amplitude range. However, none of the factors
exhibited significant influence on tensile properties. The optimum pre-structuring
conditions were then applied to fabricate MREs with the addition of WGP in attempt
to enhance damping. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that addition of WGP
improved dynamic performance of MREs. The highest tan δ was obtained with 10 phr
WGP, with an increment of 10% in frequency sweep test and a 30% increment in
amplitude sweep test. However, obvious gaps and particle pull-out were evidenced by
SEM, suggesting weak interfacial bonding between CIP and WGP with the rubber
matrix. Consequentially, bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane (TESPT) was used
to improve the interfacial adhesion between rubber and CIP. Coupling occurring
between rubber and CIP was identified by FTIR spectra, crosslink density by swelling
test and the grafting percentage by thermogravimetric analysis. The optimum content
of TESPT was found at 4 phr, with an average increment in tan δ of 40% over a 1 –100 Hz frequency range and 13% over a 0.1 – 6% strain amplitude.