Phytochemical Screening And Antihyperglycaemic Activities Of Cordyceps sinensis And Its Based Product (ESULIN)
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Date
2016-09
Authors
Ab Rahman, Farah 'Atiqah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders with micro and macro vascular complications that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The present study described in the thesis is an effort to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic potentials of the aqueous extracts of Cordyceps sinensis (C.sinensis) and its based preparation namely Esulin. Three main experiments were conducted to achieve the general objective. The first experiment identified the phytochemical classes of C.sinensis and Esulin in order to provide the therapeutic value of these herbs as a basis for further research. Phytochemicals screening for both extracts were carried out using the standard procedures for alkaloid, tannin, saponin, terpenoid and flavonoid detection. Results acquired positively showed the presence of four main bioactive compounds i.e. alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids in both C.sinensis and Esulin. Additionally, terpenoids were only present in Esulin. The second part of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of the C.sinensis and Esulin aqueous extracts on the activities of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. Both extracts as well as acarbose (standard drug as positive control) were dissolved in distilled water and were prepared at five different concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml. Each analysis was performed three times and the mean was used to calculate the percentage of enzymes inhibition. In this in vitro analysis, the aqueous extract of Esulin had good alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity with the lowest IC50 value and showed the highest percentage inhibition at the concentration tested (2 mg/ml) compared to C.sinensis extract. The third study conducted was the in vivo assessment on the effects of C.sinensis and
Esulin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were administered orally with the aqueous extracts of C.sinensis and Esulin (75, 150, 300 mg/day each), metformin (150 mg/day) and Humulin R (5 U/day) once daily for 28 days. Results obtained from this part of study indicated that C.sinensis and Esulin extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose, serum fructosamine, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels of diabetic rats. Administration of both herbal extracts also caused significant increase in the serum insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels when compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic-induced rats, the rose of blood glucose was accompanied by an increased in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and creatinine levels. However, following treatment with both extracts for a period of four weeks, activities of serum bilirubin, ALP, urea and creatinine exhibited significant reduction. These findings were comparable with those receiving standard drugs, metformin and Humulin R. In conclusion, C.sinensis and Esulin aqueous extracts displayed antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats by lowering blood glucose, serum fructosamine, cholesterol and triglyceride and at the same time can increase the levels of serum insulin and HDL-cholesterol. This study also suggests that one of the mechanisms for antidiabetic potential of both extracts is by the inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. However, taking all data together, this study revealed that the Esulin aqueous extract worked better compared to C.sinensis extract in managing and controlling diabetes. Thus, this herbal product could become the next potential candidate for drug development research, particularly in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Keywords
Evaluate the antihyperglycaemic potentials , and its based preparation namely Esulin.