A Systematic Review On Cytotoxicity Of Plant-Mediated Metallic Nanoparticles
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Date
2017-08
Authors
Hanan, Nurul Akma
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Nanotechnology has undeniably offered a variety of applications, ranging from
engineering, telecommunication, advertising, textile, cosmetics and even
medicine. Due to its unique properties, nanomaterials suggest a promising use
in medicine such as being anti-cancer agents along with drug-carriers,
especially those which are derived using the green method. However, concern
arises on the bio-safety of metallic nanoparticles used as anti-cancer agents.
Therefore, this systematic review aims to compare the cytotoxicity of plantmediated
metallic nanoparticles based on its potency, cancer cell type
susceptibility, and therapeutic index in the hopes of finding the most promising
anti-cancer agents. This study also correlates nanoparticle size and morphology
with the potency of cytotoxicity. A literature search was conducted on electronic
databases including Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, Springer Link and
Google Scholar. In addition, an academic social networking site, ResearchGate
was also used to obtain research articles. Keywords such as biosynthesis, plant
synthesis, plant-mediated, metallic nanoparticle, cytotoxicity and anticancer
were used in the literature search. All types of research which met the inclusion
and exclusion criteria were considered regardless of the results being positive,
negative or null. Data and information from the 76 selected articles were
extracted and synthesised. Therapeutic index was used as a safety measure for
the studied compound of interest. Most research showed the cytotoxicity
property of plant-mediated metallic nanoparticles and cytotoxicity being time
and/or dose-dependent. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated a higher cytotoxicity
potency as compared to gold nanoparticles of the same plants; Cassia
auriculata, Commelina nudiflora and Plumbago zeylanica were used for the
synthesis irrespective of the cell types used. Cytotoxicity is inversely
proportional to size. Plant-mediated metallic nanoparticles were predominantly
spherical in shape where spherical and quasi-spherical appeared most often
with LD50 of 1–20 μg/mL being the mode of populations, followed by other
shapes; triangular, hexagonal and rods showing less potency. Abutilon
inducum, Annona squamosa, Butea monosperma, Couroupita guainensis,
Gossypium hirsutum, Indoneesiella echioides, and Melia azedarach metallic
nanoparticles were acceptably safe as anti-cancer agents, having a therapeutic
index of 2.0 and above when tested on both cancer cells and normal human
cells. Results from this study suggest a focus on the listed potential anti-cancer
agents for further investigations on their pharmacodynamic/toxicodynamic and
pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic actions in hopes of reducing cancer, the Global
Burden of Diseases (GBD) and the second leading cause of mortality.
Description
Keywords
A systematic review on cytotoxicity , of plant-mediated metallic nanoparticles