Phytochemical, Biological, Stability And Pharmacokinetic Studies On The Extracts Of Three Varieties Of Ficus Deltoidea Jack Leaves
| dc.contributor.author | Abdullah, Zunoliza | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-07-06T07:49:10Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-07-06T07:49:10Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2010-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This study has been conducted to provide information on the standardization of extracts of Ficus deltoidea (FD) leaves. Three plant varieties namely FD var. terengganuensis, FD var. angustifolia and FD var. deltoidea were studied. The study was divided into five parts: chemical investigation, chemical profiling, biochemical profiling, stability studies and biological profiling. Five compounds have been isolated that includes three triterpenoids, β-amyrin cinnamate, β-sitosterol and friedelin and two flavonoids, vitexin and isovitexin. Identification and structural elucidation of these compounds was established through spectroscopic techniques. The extracts were analysed for the determination of total flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, protein, polysaccharides and glycosaponin. The total flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins content in these extracts in range 27.35 ± 1.08 to 86.85 ± 0.58 (mg/g), 36.37 ± 0.27 to 172.78 ± 0.47 (mg/g) and 96.32 ± 0.75 to 942.15 ± 4.08 (mg/g), respectively. The percentage of total proteins, polysaccharides and glycosaponins in these extracts in range 63.39 ± 0.26 to 66.53 ± 2.74 (%), 0.01 ± 0.00 to 5.11 ± 0.17 (%) and 7.44 ± 1.07 to 35.21 ± 1.26 (%), respectively. The qualitative and quantitative chemical profiling involved the use of UV, FTIR, HPTLC and HPLC. A gradient HPLC system has been developed and validated using vitexin and isovitexin as markers and was applied for the quantification of these markers in methanol and water extracts. The concentration of vitexin i methanol extracts in range 4.95 to 12.18 mg/g, whilst the concentration of vitexin in water extracts in range 2.48 to 19.05 mg/g. The concentration of isovitexin in the methanol extracts in range 1.58 to 41.49 mg/g, while the concentration of isovitexin in the water extracts in range 3.61 to 26.94 mg/g. Biochemical profiling study of the leaves extracts were investigated for determination of antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities. The extracts of different varieties of the plant displayed varying antioxidant activities in various antioxidant models such as DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, xanthine oxidase (XOD), reducing power of Fe(III) to Fe(II), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and lipid peroxidation. Antihypertensive studies using angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) assay showed that the extracts have potential as antihypertensive agents. Antihypertensive activities of the extracts were found to be comparable to captopril, a widely known ACE inhibitor. The extracts showed the variation in the anti-inflammatory activity in various models such as lipoxygenase (LOX), hyaluronidase (HYAase) and TPA-induced ear oedema. In antiangiogenic studies, FDLSPLSW extract and the markers, vitexin and isovitexin showed 100 % activity. In stability studies, the extracts were stored at 4 different storage conditions for six months, and samples were analysed at an interval of 1 month using FTIR and HPLC. Based on the studies, it was found that marker compounds in the extracts stored at 25 ºC were more stable as compared to the extracts stored at 30 ºC /65% RH, 40 °C /75% RH, 50 °C /85% RH and 60 °C /85% RH. Moreover, isovitexin was found to be more stable as compared to vitexin. Estimated shelf life (t90) of vitexin and isovitexin was approximately 1.5 and 14 month, respectively at 25 ºC. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5881 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia | en_US |
| dc.subject | To provide information on the standardization | en_US |
| dc.subject | of extracts of Ficus deltoidea (FD) leaves | en_US |
| dc.title | Phytochemical, Biological, Stability And Pharmacokinetic Studies On The Extracts Of Three Varieties Of Ficus Deltoidea Jack Leaves | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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