Reduction Of Escherichia Coli In Ablution, Lake And River Water Using Porcelanite
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Date
2016-01
Authors
Salih, Suhair Shatti
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the use of porcelanite and chlorine (sodium
hypochlorite) for the reduction E.coli in water samples obtained from Pinang River,
Harapan Lake, and ablution water from Khalid Mosque, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Pulau Pinang. The effects of pH, dosage of porcelanite, grain size and temperature were
evaluated. The experiments were performed over a wide range of dosage (40, 50, 60, 70,
80, and 90 mg/L), porcelanite grain size (0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm), pH (5, 6,
7, 8, and 9) and temperature (10, 20, 30, and 40 ). The laboratory process involved in
this study was preparation of serial dilutions of the sample (1:10 and 1:100) and
cultivating these dilutions on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar plate.
After incubation, the colonies were counted using colony counter. The results obtained
from 108-runs (with three replicates) factorial design were analyzed. The analysis of
variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mentioned model adequately fitted the
experimental data for all responses. It could be seen that linear effect for pH, dosage
porcelanite, grain size and temperature for reduction of E.coli were significant. Based on
all the experiments performed, pH of 5, temperature of 40 , porcelanite dosage of 90
mg/L and grain size of 0.09 mm were selected as the best parameters for E.coli
reduction. The combination of these factors (dosage of porcelanite, pH, temperature and
grain size) resulted in 98.6% E.coli reduction for ablution water, 96.3% and 89.6% for
river water and lake water, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
micrographs illustrated the porous nature of the porcelanite surface and adhesion between E.coli and surface of porcelanite. Various dosages of sodium hypochlorite, pH,
concentration and temperature were examined on the sample. The best treatment
conditions for the use of sodium hypochlorite for E.coli eradication were 0.14 ml/L, pH
5, 1% concentration, and temperature of 20oC. The grouping of dosage, pH, temperature
and concentration resulted in 99.6% eradication efficiency for ablution water, and 96.3%
and 90.3% river water and lake water, respectively. Applicability of porcelanite in COD,
BOD5, TSS and turbidity reduction of selected water samples (Pinang River, Harapan
Lake and ablution water) were also tested. Results revealed higher COD and BOD5
reduction were achieved by porcelanite dosage of 90 mg/L. COD and BOD5 reductions
were recorded up to 63.67% and 62.33% for ablution water, 59.33% and 58% for Pinang
River water, whereas 57% and 55% for Lake Harapan water. While for TSS and
turbidity reduction, the effective dosage porcelanite was 50 mg/L at pH 5, temperature
of 40 and grain size 0.09 mm. The results showed that 92% of TSS and 91% of
turbidity were removed. The results of this study conclude that porcelanite and sodium
hypochlorite able to reduce E.coli with a convergent rate, and influenced by TSS and
turbidity of water. In addition, the porcelanite can decrease COD, BOD5, TSS and
turbidity level.
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Keywords
Porcelanite and chlorine