Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri - Tesis

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 550
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    Investigating Source Apportionment And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Microplastic Pollution In The Surface Waters Of Pinang River And Kerian River Using Spatial Analysis
    (2025-09)
    Mohd Rosli, Muhammad Izzul Fahmi
    Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems is an emerging environmental concern due to its persistence, widespread distribution, and ecological risks. This study investigates the sources, distribution, and ecological risks of microplastics in the surface waters of the Pinang River (Balik Pulau) and Kerian River (Nibong Tebal), Malaysia. These two rivers are subjected to varied land uses, including agriculture, aquaculture, and urban development. The study integrates historical water quality data (2017–2021), in-situ measurements, stereomicroscopy, FTIR polymer identification, and ecological risk assessment through the Risk Quotient (RQ) method. To identify potential pollution sources, secondary water quality data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing that both rivers are predominantly impacted by diffuse sources such as agricultural runoff, aquaculture effluents, and domestic discharges.
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    Immunomodulatory Effect Of Christia Vespertilionis Leaf Extract (Cvle) On B Cell Activating Factor (Baff) - Mediated Monocyte Proliferation
    (2025-09)
    Balasubramaniam, Muggunna
    Aberrant expression of B cell activating factor (BAFF) has been strongly implicated in a range of immunological disorders, particularly autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Among the various disorders influenced by BAFF dysregulation, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is particularly notable, as elevated levels of BAFF have been consistently reported in patients with SLE, thereby positioning BAFF as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. While synthetic BAFF antagonists are currently used for treatment, a substantial percentage of patients do not respond well to these treatments, justifying the need for alternative approaches with natural products from traditional/medicinal plants. Christia vespertilionis (CV), commonly known as the butterfly wing plant demonstrated various medicinal properties, though its immunomodulatory effects remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential immunomodulatory effects of aqueous CV leaf extract (CVLE) on BAFF-mediated monocyte proliferation.
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    The Effect Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Loading, Glycerol Addition And Anhydride Modification On The Properties Of Polylactic Acid (Pla) Biocomposite
    (2025-09)
    Kong, Uwei
    This study aimed to develop biomass-reinforced biocomposites by using empty fruit bunch (EFB) as reinforcement materials in PLA. At the same time, PLA/EFB composite was added with glycerol, which was a plasticizer to study the effect of glycerol in these biocomposites.
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    Optimization Of Lipids Extraction, Separation, And Transesterification From Discarded Beef Tallow Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide For Biodiesel Production
    (2025-08)
    Binhweel, Fozy Amer Mabrook
    This study investigates the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) technology to extract lipids from discarded beef tallow (DBT) for biodiesel production. DBT, a non-edible and cost-effective feedstock, is rich in fatty acids and offers high thermal content and oxidative stability. For extracting DBT lipids, conventional thermal and solvent based extraction methods were employed. However, these methods are constrained by solvent toxicity and high temperatures that can degrade fatty acid quality. Although SC-CO₂ is an efficient and eco-friendly extraction technology, its application to DBT remains limited in existing literature. To address this research gap, this study employed and optimized SC-CO₂ operating parameters for effective lipid recovery from DBT. In the SC-CO₂ process, a prepared DBT sample was placed in an extraction vessel. CO₂ was heated and pressurized above its critical point, and pumped through the sample.
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    An Integrated Herbicide Remediation System Utilizing Modified Biochar From Palm Kernel Shells And Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes)
    (2025-06)
    Flafel, Hamza Mohamed M
    Herbicide contamination in aquatic environments poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the persistence, mobility, and toxicity of these chemicals. Traditional remediation methods often lack efficiency, sustainability, or cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-modified biochar derived from palm kernel shells (pks), exploring its adsorption performance for herbicides and assessing its role in biochar-assisted phytoremediation.To achieve this, an integrated system utilizing biochar modified with melamine, in combination with the wetland plant eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), was developed for the remediation of three commonly used herbicides: diuron, paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in aqueous solutions. The modified biochar (pks-bm) underwent comprehensive characterization, including proximate and elemental analysis, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) analysis, particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy (sem), and transmission electron microscopy (tem). These analyses confirmed enhanced adsorption properties, with a high bet surface area, a mesoporous structure, and significant nitrogen content due to melamine doping, outperforming powdered palm kernel shells (ppks) and biochar activated solely by koh (pks-b).