Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri - Tesis

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    The Effect Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Loading, Glycerol Addition And Anhydride Modification On The Properties Of Polylactic Acid (Pla) Biocomposite
    (2025-09)
    Kong, Uwei
    This study aimed to develop biomass-reinforced biocomposites by using empty fruit bunch (EFB) as reinforcement materials in PLA. At the same time, PLA/EFB composite was added with glycerol, which was a plasticizer to study the effect of glycerol in these biocomposites.
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    Optimization Of Lipids Extraction, Separation, And Transesterification From Discarded Beef Tallow Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide For Biodiesel Production
    (2025-08)
    Binhweel, Fozy Amer Mabrook
    This study investigates the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) technology to extract lipids from discarded beef tallow (DBT) for biodiesel production. DBT, a non-edible and cost-effective feedstock, is rich in fatty acids and offers high thermal content and oxidative stability. For extracting DBT lipids, conventional thermal and solvent based extraction methods were employed. However, these methods are constrained by solvent toxicity and high temperatures that can degrade fatty acid quality. Although SC-CO₂ is an efficient and eco-friendly extraction technology, its application to DBT remains limited in existing literature. To address this research gap, this study employed and optimized SC-CO₂ operating parameters for effective lipid recovery from DBT. In the SC-CO₂ process, a prepared DBT sample was placed in an extraction vessel. CO₂ was heated and pressurized above its critical point, and pumped through the sample.
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    An Integrated Herbicide Remediation System Utilizing Modified Biochar From Palm Kernel Shells And Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes)
    (2025-06)
    Flafel, Hamza Mohamed M
    Herbicide contamination in aquatic environments poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the persistence, mobility, and toxicity of these chemicals. Traditional remediation methods often lack efficiency, sustainability, or cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-modified biochar derived from palm kernel shells (pks), exploring its adsorption performance for herbicides and assessing its role in biochar-assisted phytoremediation.To achieve this, an integrated system utilizing biochar modified with melamine, in combination with the wetland plant eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), was developed for the remediation of three commonly used herbicides: diuron, paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in aqueous solutions. The modified biochar (pks-bm) underwent comprehensive characterization, including proximate and elemental analysis, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) analysis, particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy (sem), and transmission electron microscopy (tem). These analyses confirmed enhanced adsorption properties, with a high bet surface area, a mesoporous structure, and significant nitrogen content due to melamine doping, outperforming powdered palm kernel shells (ppks) and biochar activated solely by koh (pks-b).
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    Optimization Of Lipids Extraction, Separation, And Transesterification From Fish Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide For Biodiesel Production
    (2025-09)
    Shalfoh, Ehsan S. A.
    This study investigates the potential of fish waste as a sustainable and underexploited lipid feedstock for biodiesel production, in response to the increasing global demand for renewable energy and effective organic waste utilization. Although fish-processing by-products possess a high lipid content, their application in biodiesel synthesis remains largely untapped. The extracted lipids mainly consisted of triglycerides, which are molecules made of a glycerol backbone connected to three fatty acid chains, and these were the main ingredients used to make biodiesel
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    Enhancing Chemical Health Risk Assessment Practices In Malaysian Higher Academic Institution Through Indoor Air Quality (Iaq): Mixed Methods Analysis
    (2025-06)
    Abdullah, Faris
    This study evaluates chemical health risks in laboratories at a malaysian higher academic institution using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The general objective was to assess exposure risks by integrating chemical health risk assessment (chra) with indoor air quality (iaq) evaluation. Initially, 79 laboratories were screened using chra to determine action priority (ap) levels. 34 of the laboratories were selected for detailed iaq monitoring. Measured iaq parameters included air temperature, relative humidity, air movement, carbon monoxide (co), carbon dioxide (co₂), volatile organic compounds (vocs), and particulate matter (pm₁₀), compared against industry code of practice on indoor air quality (icop iaq) 2010 limits. Statistical analysis used included descriptive, cross-tabulation, one-way anova, spearman correlation, pearson chi-square and logistic regression. Descriptive analysis revealed frequent non-compliance in temperature, co₂ levels, and airflow. Inferential analysis using spearman’s correlation identified a significant inverse relationship between air movement and co₂ concentration (p < 0.05), indicating poor ventilation. The findings highlight the importance of integrating iaq assessment with chra to identify high-risk environments and enhance chemical safety practices in academic laboratories.