Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri - Tesis

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    Microplastics And Heavy Metals Assessments And Its Associated Health Risk In Fishes From Kerian, Pinang And Tembus River
    (2025-09)
    Mohd Yamen, Siti Norabiatulaiffa
    Rivers play an important role ecologically and commercially for local communities. However, the rapid growth of anthropogenic activities has led to ecosystem degradation through the discharge of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs). MPs, small plastic particles classified as contaminants, are widely reported in aquatic organisms and act as vectors for toxic pollutants, leading to bioaccumulation in fish and raising concerns about food safety and toxicity. Similarly, HMs bioaccumulation in fish represents a serious threat to human health. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of MPs and HMs in fish from the Kerian, Pinang, and Tembus rivers in Penang, Malaysia, and their potential risks to human health. MPs were extracted from fish gastrointestinal tracts and identified by microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while HMs in muscle tissues were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
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    Preparation And Characterization Of Uv-Curable Solvent-Free Coatings Derived From Neem Oil And Their Applications As Flame Retardant And Termite Antifeedant
    (2025-09)
    Usman, Sharif Nafiu
    This research presents the development of a UV-curable, solvent-free bifunctional coating material derived from neem oil, designed with both flame-retardant and anti-termite properties. Conventional petroleum-based coatings often contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), posing significant environmental and health hazards. As an alternative, neem oil offers a sustainable, bio-based resource due to its high triglyceride content and inherent bioactivity. However, its non-drying nature limits its application in solvent-free systems. This study aims to overcome this limitation by chemically modifying neem oil with phosphoric acid as a crosslinking monomer and flame-retardant agent, to produce a durable, multifunctional coating.
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    Assessing Carbofuran And Its Metabolites In The Paddy Field Water-Soil Column
    (2025-08)
    Haji Baharudin, Nurul Syuhada
    In Malaysia's agricultural sector, a substantial amount of pesticides is used in paddy fields. Carbofuran was an approved insecticide until its ban in May 2023. In addition to the concentration and presence of carbofuran, it is important to investigate its active metabolites. Despite numerous researchers studying and documenting the environmental persistence of carbofuran, there is a significant lack of published studies focusing on its metabolites in tropical countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to investigate the pathway of carbofuran and its metabolites in the water–soil column of a tropical paddy field ecosystem. The research was conducted in paddy fields and irrigation channels in Mukim 5 Penaga, North Seberang Perai, Penang. It assessed surface water quality and the distribution and degradation of pesticide residues in nearby paddy farms. The study also explored carbofuran degradation in paddy water by measuring its content over 0 to 56 days under sunlight exposure and total darkness.
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    Study On The Adhesion Properties Of Linear And Crosslinked Adhesives In The Presence Of Filler
    (2025-09)
    Suid, Nurul Hamiza
    Increasing demand for electronic devices is driving rapid demand for thermal resistance PSAs. Most of these adhesives are made from synthetic polymers derived from petroleum which are unsustainable and toxic biopolymers. Therefore, sustainable natural rubber, which is a biopolymer, is being studied as alternative to increased use of cross-linked natural rubber-based adhesives (ENR-25, ENR-50 and SMR L) by adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) fillers. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as crosslinking initiator to prepare the crosslinked adhesive. Coumarone-indene (CI), toluene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used as tackifier, solvent and substrate, respectively. A SHEEN hand coater used to coat the adhesive on the substrate. All adhesion properties of adhesives were determined by a Llyod Adhesion Tester. The first objective of study to characterize the size, water affinity and morphology of ZnO and MgO fillers and it shows that filler size, shape and water affinity affect the adhesion properties of the adhesive. The second objective is to analyze adhesive properties when type of filler varies.
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    Investigating Source Apportionment And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Microplastic Pollution In The Surface Waters Of Pinang River And Kerian River Using Spatial Analysis
    (2025-09)
    Mohd Rosli, Muhammad Izzul Fahmi
    Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems is an emerging environmental concern due to its persistence, widespread distribution, and ecological risks. This study investigates the sources, distribution, and ecological risks of microplastics in the surface waters of the Pinang River (Balik Pulau) and Kerian River (Nibong Tebal), Malaysia. These two rivers are subjected to varied land uses, including agriculture, aquaculture, and urban development. The study integrates historical water quality data (2017–2021), in-situ measurements, stereomicroscopy, FTIR polymer identification, and ecological risk assessment through the Risk Quotient (RQ) method. To identify potential pollution sources, secondary water quality data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing that both rivers are predominantly impacted by diffuse sources such as agricultural runoff, aquaculture effluents, and domestic discharges.